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THE  HUMANIST'S  LIBRARY 

Edited  by  Lewis  Einstein 

VI 

DURER'S  JOURNEYS  TO  VENICE 

AND 

THE  LOW  COUNTRIES 


RECORDS  OF  JOURNEYS  TO  VENICE 

AND  THE  LOW  COUNTRIES 

BY  ALBRECHT  DURER 

EDITED  BY  ROGER  FRY 


'3N 


to 


THE  MERRYMOUNT  PRESS 
BOSTON  :  MDCCCCXIII 


M 


Copyright,  1913,  by  D.  B.  Updike 


A  TABLE  OF  CONTENTS 

Introdudlion  ix 

Letters  from  Venice  toWilibald  Pirkheimer  3 

Diary  of  a  Journey  in  the  Netherlands  31 

Notes  103 


INTRODUCTION 


INTRODUCTION 


IT  is  a  habit  of  the  human  mind  to  make  to  it- 
self symbols  in  order  to  abbreviate  its  admi- 
ration for  a  class.  So  Diirer  has  come  to  stand 
for  German  art  somewhat  as  Raphael  once  stood 
for  that  of  Italy.  Such  symbols  attrac5t  to  them- 
selves much  of  the  adoration  which  more  care- 
ful worshippers  would  distribute  over  the  Pan- 
theon, and  it  becomes  difficult  to  appreciate 
them  justly  without  incurring  the  charge  of  icon- 
oclasm.  It  is  the  more  difficult  in  Diirer's  case  be- 
cause, whatever  one's  final  estimate  of  his  art, 
his  personality  is  at  once  so  imposing  and  so 
attracflive,  and  has  been  so  endeared  to  us  by 
familiarity,  that  something  of  this  personal  at- 
tachment has  been  transferred  to  our  aesthetic 
judgement. 

The  letters  from  Venice  and  the  Diary  of  his 
journey  in  the  Netherlands,  which  form  the  con- 
tents of  this  volume,  are  indeed  the  singularly 
fortunate  means  for  this  pleasant  intercourse  with 
the  man  himself.  They  reveal  Diirer  as  one  of 
the  distincftively  modern  men  of  the  Renaissance : 
intensely ,  but  not  arrogantly.consciousof  his  own 
personality ;  accepting  with  a  pleasant  ease  the 
universal  admiration  of  his  genius,^ a  personal 

ix 


Intro-      admiration,  too,  of  an  altogether  modern  kind; 

ducftion  careful  of  his  fame  as  one  who  foresaw  its  im- 
mortality. They  show  him  as  having,  though  in  a 
far  less  degree,  something  of  Leonardo  da  Vinci's 
scientific  interest,  certainly  as  possessing  a  quick, 
though  naive  curiosity  about  the  world  and  a 
quite  modern  freedom  from  superstition.  It  is 
clear  that  his  dominating  and  yet  kindly  person- 
ality, no  less  than  his  physical  beauty  and  distinc- 
tion, made  him  the  centre  of  interest  wherever 
he  went.  His  easy  and  humorous  good-fellowship, 
of  which  the  letters  to  Pirkheimer  are  eloquent, 
won  for  him  the  admiring  friendship  of  the  best 
men  of  his  time.  To  all  these  characfleristics  we 
must  add  a  deep  and  sincere  religious  feeling, 
which  led  him  to  side  with  the  leaders  of  the  Re- 
formation, a  feeling  which  comes  out  in  his  pas- 
sionate sense  of  loss  when  he  thinks  that  Luther  is 
about  to  be  put  to  death,  and  causes  him  to  write 
a  stirring  letter  to  Erasmus,  urging  him  to  continue 
the  work  of  reform.  For  all  that,  there  is  no  trace 
in  him  of  either  Protestantism  or  Puritanism.  He 
was  perhaps  fortunate —  certainly  as  an  artist  he 
was  fortunate  — to  live  at  a  time  when  the  line  of 
cleavage  between  the  reformers  and  the  Church 
was  not  yet  so  marked  as  to  compel  a  decisive 
acftion.  The  symbolism  of  the  Church  still  had 
for  him  its  old  significance,  as  yet  quickened  and 
not  discredited  by  the  reformer's  energy.  But  in- 
tense as  Durer's  devotionwas,  this  religious  feeling 

X 


scarcely  found  its  way  to  effecflive  artistic  expres-  Intro- 
sion  upon  one  side,  namely,  the  brooding  sense  ducftion 
which  accompanied  it  of  the  imminence  and  ter- 
ror of  death.  How  much  more  definite  is  the  in- 
spiration in  the  drawing  of  Death  on  a  horse  (in 
the  British  Museum),  in  the  Knight  Death  and  the 
Devil,  and  in  theallied  Melancholia,  than  it  is  in  his 
renderings  of  the  Virgin  or  indeed  of  any  of  the 
scenes  of  Christian  legend!  It  is  this  feeling,  too, 
which  gives  tohis  description  of  his  mother's  death 
its  almost  terrible  literary  beauty  and  power. 

Nor  in  the  estimate  of  Diirer's  characfter  must 
one  leave  out  the  touching  affecflion  and  piety 
which  the  family  history  written  by  him  in  1^24 
reveals.  So  much  that  is  attracftive  and  endearing 
in  the  man  cannot  but  readl  upon  our  attitude  to 
his  work—  has  done  so,  perhaps,  ever  since  his  own 
day ;  and  it  is  difficult  to  get  far  enough  away  from 
Diirer  the  man  to  be  perfecftly  just  to  Diirer  the 
artist.  But  if  we  make  the  attempt,  it  becomes 
clear,  I  think,  that  Diirer  cannot  take  rank  in  the 
highest  class  of  creative  geniuses.  His  position  is 
none  the  less  of  great  importance  and  interest  for 
his  relation  on  the  one  hand  to  the  Gothic  tradi- 
tion of  his  country,  and  on  the  other  to  the  newly 
perceived  splendour  of  the  Italian  Renaissance. 

Much  must  depend  on  our  estimate  of  his  last 
work,  the  "  Four  Apostles,"  at  Munich.  In  that  he 
summed  up  all  that  the  patient  and  enthusiastic 
labour  of  a  lifetime  had  taught  him.  If  we  regard 

xi 


Intro-  that  as  a  work  of  the  highest  beauty,  if  we  can 
dudlion  conscientiously  put  it  beside  the  figures  of  the 
Sistine  Chapel,  beside  the  Saints  of  Mantegna,  or 
Signorelli,  or  Piero  della  Francesca,  then  indeed 
Diirer's  labour  was  crowned  with  success ;  but  if 
we  find  in  it  rather  a  careful  exposition  of  certain 
theoretical  principles,  if  we  find  that  the  matter 
is  not  entirely  transfused  with  the  style,  if  we  find 
a  conflicft  between  a  certain  naive  crudity  of  vi- 
sion and  a  straining  after  the  grand  manner,  then 
we  have  to  say  that  Diirer's  art  was  the  outcome 
of  a  magnificent  and  heroic  but  miscalculated 
endeavour. 

It  is  among  the  ironies  of  history  that  the  Ro- 
mans, the  one  Philistine  people  among  the  Me- 
diterranean races,  should  have  been  the  great 
means  of  transmitting  to  the  modern  world  that 
culture  which  they  themselves  deposed,  and  that 
the  Germans  should  have  laboured  so  long  and 
hard  to  atone  for  the  heroism  of  their  ancestors 
in  resisting  that  beneficent  loss  of  liberty.  Nurem- 
berg of  the  fifteenth  century  was  certainly  given 
over  to  the  pracftice  of  fine  art  with  a  pathetic  en- 
thusiasm, and  it  remains  as  a  sad  but  instrucflive 
proof  of  how  little  good-will  and  industry  avail  by 
themselves  in  such  matters.  The  worship  of  mere 
professional  skill  and  undirected  craftsmanship  is 
there  seen  pushed  to  its  last  conclusions,  and  the 
tourist's  wonder  is  excited  by  the  sight  of  stone 
carved  into  the  shapes  of  twisted  metal,  and  wood 
xii 


simulating  the  intricacies  of  confectionery,  his  ad-  Intro- 
miration  is  canvassed  by  every  possible  perver-  ducftion 
sion  of  technical  dexterity.  Not,  "  What  a  thing  is 
done!"  but,  "How  difficult  it  must  have  been  to 
do  it!"  is  the  exclamation  demanded. 

Of  all  that  perverted  technical  ingenuity  which 
flaunts  itself  in  the  wavering  stonework  of  a  Kraft 
or  the  crackling  woodwork  of  a  Storr,  Diirer  was 
inevitably  the  heir.  He  grew  up  in  an  atmosphere 
where  the  acrobatic  feats  of  technique  were 
looked  on  with  admiration  rather  than  contempt. 
Something  of  this  clung  to  him  through  life,  and 
he  is  always  recognized  as  the  prince  of  crafts- 
men, the  consummate  technician.  In  all  this  side 
of  Diirer's  art  we  recognize  the  last  over-blown 
efflorescence  of  the  mediaeval  craftsmanship  of 
Germany,  of  the  apprentice  system  and  the 
"marker  "piece;  but  that  Gothic  tradition  had  still 
left  in  it  much  that  was  sound  and  sincere.  Draw- 
ing still  retained  something  of  the  blunt,  almost 
brutal  frankness  of  statement,  together  with  the 
sense  of  the  characfleristic  which  marked  its  earlier 
period.  And  it  is  perhaps  this  inheritance  of  Gothic 
direcftness  of  statement,  this  Gothic  realism,  that 
accounts  for  what  is  ultimately  of  most  value 
in  Diirer's  work.  There  exists  in  the  Kunsthisto- 
risches  Akademie  at  Vienna  a  portrait  of  a  man, 
dated  1394,  which  shows  how  much  of  Diirer's 
portraiture  was  already  endemic  in  the  Nurem- 
berg school.  Indeed,  in  this  remarkable  work,  exe- 

xiii 


Intro-  cuted,  if  we  may  trust  the  date,  nearly  a  century 
ducftion  before  Diirer,  there  is  almost  everything  that  in- 
terests us  in  Diirer's  portraits.  It  has  to  an  even 
greater  extent  that  half-humorous  statement  of 
the  characfteristic,  that  outrageous  realism  that 
makes  the  vivid  appeal  of  the  "Oswold  Kroll," 
and  the  absence  of  which  in  Diirer's  last  years 
makes  the  "Holzschuher"  such  a  tiresome  piece 
of  brilliant  delineation. 

Diirer  was  perhaps  the  greatest  infant  prod- 
igy among  painters,  and  the  drawing  of  him- 
self at  the  age  of  twelve  shows  how  early  he 
had  marked  that  simple  and  abrupt  sincerity  of 
Gothic  draughtsmanship.  One  is  inclined  to  say 
that  in  all  his  subsequent  work  he  never  surpassed 
this  in  all  that  really  matters,  in  all  that  concerns 
the  essential  vision  and  its  adequate  presentment. 
He  increased  his  skill  until  it  became  the  wonder 
of  the  world  and  entangled  him  in  its  seducflions; 
his  intellecflual  apprehension  was  indefinitely 
heightened,  and  his  knowledge  of  natural  appear- 
ances became  encyclopaedic. 

What,  then,  lies  at  the  root  of  Diirer's  art  is  this 
Gothic  sense  of  the  characfteristic,  already  men- 
aced by  the  professional  bravura  of  the  late 
Gothic  craftsman.  The  superstrucfture  is  what 
Diirer's  industry  and  intellecflual  acquisitiveness, 
acfling  in  the  peculiar  conditions  of  his  day, 
brought  forth.  It  is  in  short  what  distinguishes 
him  as  the  pioneer  of  the  Renaissance  in  Ger- 
xiv 


many.  This  new  endeavour  was  in  two  direcftions,  Intro- 
one  due  mainly  to  the  trend  of  native  ideas,  dudlion 
the  other  to  Italian  influence.  The  former  was 
concerned  mainly  with  a  new  kind  of  realism.  In 
place  of  the  older  Gothic  realism  with  its  naive 
and  self-confident  statement  of  the  salient  char- 
adteristicof  things  seen,  this  new  realism  strove  at 
complete  representation  of  appearance  by  means 
of  perspecflive,  at  a  more  searching  and  complete 
investigation  of  form,  and  a  fuller  relief  in  light 
and  shade. 

These  aims  were  also  followed  to  some  extent 
by  the  Italians,  and  with  even  greater  scientific 
ardour:  all  the  artists  of  Europe  were  indeed  striv- 
ing to  master  the  complete  power  of  represen- 
tation. But  in  Italy  this  aim  was  never  followed 
exclusively; it  was  constantly  modified  and  con- 
trolled by  the  idea  of  design,  that  is  to  say,  of  ex- 
pression by  means  of  the  pure  disposition  of  con- 
tours and  masses,  and  by  the  perfecftion  and  or- 
dering of  linear  rhythm.  This  notion  of  design  as 
something  other  than  representation  was  indeed 
the  common  inheritance  of  European  art  from 
the  mediaeval  world,  but  in  Italy  the  principles 
of  design  were  more  profoundly  embedded  in 
tradition,  its  demands  were  more  clearly  felt,  and 
each  succeeding  generation  was  quite  as  deeply 
concerned  with  the  perfecftion  of  design  as  with 
the  mastery  of  representation.  In  the  full  Renais- 
sance, indeed,  this  idea  of  design  became  the  ob- 

XV 


Intro-  jecft  of  extremely  conscious  and  deliberate  study, 
dudlion  and  the  decadence  of  Italian  art  came  about,  not 
through  indifference  to  the  claims  of  artistic  ex- 
pression, but  through  a  too  purely  intellecflual  and 
conscious  study  of  them.  The  northern  and  espe- 
cially the  Teutonic  artists,  who  had  not  inherited 
so  strongly  this  architedlonic  sense,  made  indeed 
heroic  efforts  to  acquire  it,  sometimes  by  the  futile 
method  of  direcft  imitation  of  a  particular  style, 
sometimes— and  this  is  the  case  with  Diirer— by  a 
serious  effort  of  aesthetic  intelligence.  But  on  the 
whole  the  attempt  must  be  judged  to  have  failed, 
and  northern  art  has  drifted  gradually  towards 
the  merely  photographic  vision. 

Diirer  strove  strenuously  in  both  these  direc- 
tions. He  unquestionably  added  immensely  to  the 
knowledge  of  acftual  form  and  to  the  power  of  re- 
presentation, but  his  eagerness  led  him  to  regard 
the  quantity  of  form  rather  than  its  quality.  With 
him  drawing  became  a  means  of  making  manifest 
the  greatest  possible  amount  of  form,  the  utmost 
roundness  of  relief,  and  his  studies  in  pure  design 
failed  to  keep  pace  with  this.  In  the  end  he  could 
not  use  to  significant  purpose  the  increased  ma- 
terial at  his  disposal,  and  from  the  point  of  view 
of  pure  design  his  work  adtually  falls  short  of 
his  predecessor,  Martin  Schongauer's,  who  in- 
deed was  benefited  by  lacking  Diirer's  power  of 
representation. 
From  this  point  of  view  it  may  be  worth  while 
xvi 


to  examine  in  some  detail  Diirer's  relations  to  Ital-  Intro- 
ian  art.  The  earliest  definite  example  of  his  study  ducflion 
of  Italian  art  is  in  1494,  when  he  was  probably  in 
Venice  for  the  first  time.  It  is  a  copy  in  pen  and 
ink  of  an  engraving  of  the  "  Death  of  Orpheus  "  by 
some  follower  of  Mantegna.  The  engraving  is  not 
theworkof  a  great  artist,  and  Diirer's  copy  shows 
his  superior  skill  in  the  rendering  of  form;  but 
even  here  he  has  failed  to  realize  the  beauty  of 
spatial  arrangement  in  the  original,  and  his  desire 
to  enrich  the  design  with  many  skilfully  drawn 
and  convincing  details  results  in  a  distincft  weak- 
ening of  the  dramatic  effecfl.  Again,  in  the  same 
year  we  have  two  drawings  from  engravings, 
this  time  by  Mantegna  himself.  It  is  easy  to  un- 
derstand that  of  all  Italians,  Mantegna  should 
have  been  the  most. sympathetic  to  Diirer,  and 
that  he  regretted  more  than  any  other  ill-fortune 
of  his  life,  — more  even  than  the  similar  fate  that 
prevented  his  meeting  Schongauer,  —  Mantegna's 
death  just  when  he  was  setting  out  to  Mantua  to 
learn  from  the  great  master.  What  Diirer  saw  in 
Mantegna  was  his  clear  decision  of  line  and  his 
richly  patterned  effedl.  In  his  pen  and  ink  copies 
he  tries  to  surpass  the  original  in  both  these  ways, 
and  indeed  the  efFecft  is  of  greater  complexity, 
more  fullness  and  roundness  of  form.  Where 
Mantegna  is  content  with  a  firm  statement  of 
the  generalized  contour  of  a  limb,  Diirer  will  give 
a  curve  for  each  muscle.  There  is  in  Diirer's  copies 

xvii 


Intro-      the  correlation  of  linear  elements  in  the  design. 

ducftion  The  next  stage  in  Diirer's  connecftion  with  Ital- 
ian art  is  his  intimacy  with  Jacopo  de'  Barbari, 
who  was  settled  in  Nuremberg.  From  1500  to  uoj 
this  influence  manifests  itself  clearly  in  Diirer's 
work.  Unfortunately  Barbari  was  too  second-rate 
an  artist  to  help  Diirer  much  in  the  principles 
of  design,  though  he  doubtless  stimulated  him 
to  pursue  those  scientific  investigations  into  the 
theory  of  human  proportions  which  held  out  the 
delusive  hope  of  reducing  art  to  a  branch  of 
mathematics. 

The  next  incident  in  the  story  is  the  second 
visit  to  Venice,  when  Diirer  realized  at  all  events 
the  inferiority  of  Barbari,  and  through  his  ami- 
able relations  with  Giovanni  Bellini  came  nearer 
than  at  any  other  moment  of  his  life  to  penetrat- 
ing the  mysteries  of  Italian  design.  The  letters 
from  Venice  themselves  throw  so  interesting  a 
light  on  his  connection  with  the  Venetian  artists 
of  his  day  that  it  will  be  best  to  turn  at  once  to 
them  to  see  what  light  they  throw  on  Diirer's 
artistic  consciousness,  how  he  regarded  his  own 
work  when  seen  in  comparison  with  that  of  the 
Venetians,  and  in  what  light  the  Venetians  re- 
garded this  wonder  worker  from  the  north. 

To  those  who  have  derived  their  ideas  of  travel 
in  the  later  Middle  Ages  from  Charles  Reade's 
"Cloister  and  the  Hearth,"  with  its  atmosphere 
of  romance  and  mystery,  its  exciting  adventures 

XX 


and  hairbreadth  escapes,  Diirer's  journal  of  the  hitro- 
visit  to  the  Netherlands  must  seem  but  a  very  du(5lion 
tame  every-day  record.  The  diary  indeed  betrays 
little  more  anxiety  as  to  safety  or  even  con- 
venience than  one  of  our  own  time  might.  The 
undertaking  scarcely  seems  as  serious  as  a  coach 
journey  in  eighteenth  century  England  when 
travellers  still  congratulated  themselves  on  pass- 
ing Hounslow  Heath  in  safety.  The  facfl  is  that 
travelling  in  the  sixteenth  century  was  by  no 
means  the  difficult  and  exceptional  undertaking 
which  we  are  accustomed  to  picfture  it  to  our- 
selves ;  certainly  the  main  routes  of  travel  pre- 
sented no  great  difficulties ;  it  was  only  in  Spain  that 
the  diaries  of  that  age  reveal  acftual  danger  and 
acute  discomfort.  No  doubt,  however,  a  change 
had  come  with  the  beginning  of  the  Renaissance, 
but  even  this  was  rather  a  change  in  the  attitude 
of  the  traveller  than  in  the  conveniences  of  travel 
itself.  The  change  which  we  notice  in  comparing 
Diirer's  diary  with  earlier  ones  consists  in  this, 
that  his  attitude  as  a  traveller  is  essentially  mod- 
ern, that  what  he  looks  at  in  foreign  countries  is 
the  same  as  that  to  which  Baedeker  now  guides 
us,  whereas  throughout  the  Middle  Ages  and  until 
just  before  Diirer's  time  the  traveller's  journey 
was  puncftuated  only  by  his  visits  to  places  of 
pilgrimage.  Only  half  a  century  earlier  the  much 
travelled  Leo  von  Rozmithal  saw  things  which 
would  strike  a  false  note  in  Diirer's  journal.  At 

xxi 


Intro-  Beaugency  on  the  Loire  he  and  his  companions 
ducflion  saw  a  woman  and  her  child  fall  into  the  Loire  and 
reappear  two  miles  lower  down,  having  traversed 
the  distance  entirely  under  water  by  miraculous 
aid  and  without  any  harm.  On  the  confines  of 
Spain  and  Portugal  he  passed  through  a  valley 
which  was  filled  with  large  winged  dragons.  With 
him,  too,  the  chief  interest  of  travel  consisted  in 
the  visit  to  places  of  pilgrimage.  The  stars  of  a  fif- 
teenth century  Baedeker  would  certainly  have 
been  judiciously  distributed  among  those  relics 
whose  authenticity  could  be  absolutely  guaran- 
teed. In  contrasting  the  two  thus,  Durer  is  as  mod- 
ern as  his  contemporary  Erasmus,  and  in  the  very 
modernity  and  commonplaceness  of  his  journal 
lies  its  interest  as  a  document  of  the  life  of  the 
Renaissance.  Erasmus,  it  is  true,  gives  a  picfture 
of  the  German  inns  of  the  day  which  is  by  no 
means  pleasing,  and  which,  if  it  is  not  partly  a 
result  of  extreme  sensibility  and  a  vivid  literary 
style,  would  suggest  that  Durer,  Frau  Agnes,  and 
the  maid  Susanna  may  have  suffered  extremi- 
ties of  discomfort  over  which  the  diary  passes  in 
silence;  but  the  whole  tone  of  the  journal,  with 
its  careful  record  of  the  minutest  expenses,  sug- 
gests as  assurance  an  absence  of  all  difficulty  and 
anxiety  which  is  consoling,  Diirer's  painful  an- 
ticipations seem  indeed  to  have  been  confined 
entirely  to  the  question  of  how  to  pass  cheaply 
through  the  innumerable  customs  with  which  the 
xxii 


Rhine  banks  were  studded,  and  even  here  offi-  Intro- 
cialism  seems  to  have  been  thoroughly  well  or-  ducflion 
ganized.  The  letter  from  the  Bishop  of  Bamberg 
which  he  carried,  relieved  him  instantly  of  all 
trouble  and  expense,  and  the  record  of  his  un- 
failing exemption  from  dues  becomes  almost 
monotonous. 

As  compared  with  the  letters  from  Venice,  the 
journal  indicates,  perhaps,  some  change  in  Diirer's 
characfter.  Certainly  years  have  told  upon  him ; 
the  seclusion  in  Nuremberg,  and  perhaps  his 
daily  intercourse  with  a  woman  whom  we  have 
good  reason  to  believe  was  narrow  in  her  sym- 
pathies, vulgar  in  her  ambitions,  and  inclined  to 
avarice,  have  broken  the  gaiety  and  elasticity  of 
his  nature,  have  made  him  somewhat  tiresome 
in  his  care  for  detail,  especially  where  money  is 
concerned,  until  we  have  the  impression  of  his 
being  almost  fussy.  One  wishes  that  Diirer  were 
not  quite  so  good  a  bourgeois;  that  instead  of 
keeping  his  accounts  quite  so  accurately,  he  had 
given  to  posterity  a  little  more  of  his  speculative 
interest  and  curiosity  in  the  problems  of  art  and 
life.  Had  advancing  age,  one  wonders,  really 
crushed  these  out?  It  is  impossible  to  imagine  Le- 
onardo da  Vinci,  whom  in  some  ways  Diirer  re- 
sembles, passing  through  so  many  strange  lands 
without  noting  a  hundred  odd  or  curious  phe- 
nomena which  might  stimulate  his  speculative 
adtivity.  Diirer  shows  himself  here,  as  always,  a 

xxiii 


Intro-  man  of  attractive  characfter  and  dominating  per- 
dudlion  sonality ;  for  all  his  carefulness  in  money  matters, 
he  is  magnanimous  and  even  generous.  He  rises 
to  every  occasion  with  an  easy  grace  of  manner, 
an  innate  tacft  and  readiness.  Through  these  mea- 
gre details  we  obtain  a  picflure  of  his  imposing 
personality,  of  the  way  he  dominated  his  com- 
pany. We  feel  that  of  all  the  great  men  that  the 
burghers  of  Antwerp  had  entertained,  none  had 
accepted  their  sumptuous  hospitality  with  bet- 
ter grace  and  more  genial  manners.  Diirer  retains 
indeed  much  of  his  curiosity,  but  it  seems  often 
a  little  misplaced,  a  little  too  naive,  and  we  can 
hardly  restrain  a  feeling  of  disappointment  at  the 
relative  values  he  attaches  to  things.  What  was 
a  man  like  Diirer  doing  with  so  many  childish 
curiosities  in  his  trunks,  the  sugar  canes,  and  the 
many  buffalo  horns,  and  how  comes  it,  with  such 
a  bent  for  collecftion,  we  hear  so  little  of  Flem- 
ish works  of  art?  But  what  interests  us  perhaps 
most  in  the  diary  is  his  relations  to  the  painters 
of  Flanders.  He  is  evidently  more  at  home  with 
them  than  he  was  with  the  Venetians.  There  is  no 
suggestion  here  of  rivalry  or  antagonism;  there 
are  no  hints  of  the  possibility  of  assassination. 
This  was  perhaps  natural,  — apart  from  the  facft 
that  Diirer  came  to  Flanders  with  a  world-wide 
and  established  reputation, -forFlemish  and  Ger- 
man artists  had  so  much  in  common  in  their 
tradition,  that  there  would  be  no  bar  to  their 
xxiv 


mutual  admiration.  Even  at  this  advanced  stage  Intro- 
of  his  career  Diirer  seems  to  have  remained  open  dudlion 
to  impressions,  still  able  to  learn  something  from 
other  artists,  and  once  more,  as  in  Venice,  we  can 
trace  in  the  work  of  the  period  the  quickening 
influence  of  a  centre  of  artistic  culture  more  vital 
than  his  own  country  could  afford. 

Many  of  the  portrait  drawings  which  he  records 
in  the  journal  have  come  down  to  us,  and  they 
all  betray  something  of  the  influence  upon  him 
of  Flemish  art;  even  more,  however,  is  this  trace- 
able in  the  painted  portraits  of  the  time,  in  the 
"Bernhard  van  Orley"  at  Dresden,  and  in  the 
"Hans  Imhof "  of  the  Prado.  The  spacing  of  these 
picflures,the  planning  of  the  pattern  of  head  and 
hat  within  the  picfture-space.show  a  breadth  and 
a  sense  of  volume  which  are  not  to  be  found  in 
the  compositions  done  at  Nuremberg.  Even  in 
the  handling  of  these  two  portraits  we  see  that 
Diirer  gained  appreciably  from  being  thrown 
once  more  with  real  masters  of  the  painters' craft. 
Once  again  he  becomes  appreciably  more  of 
a  painter,  amplifies  the  planes,  and  suppresses 
something  of  unnecessary  detail,  and  though  he 
never  returns  to  the  splendid  envelopment  and 
richness  of  colour  of  "The  Venetian  Lady,"  he 
manages  just  at  this  period  to  mitigate  his  habit- 
ual tendency  to  tightness  and  thinness  of  design. 
There  is  nothing  in  either  of  these  of  the  over- 
emphatic  realization  of  form,  such  as  we  find  later 

XXV 


Intro-  on  in  the  "Jakob  MufFel"  or  the"HoIzschuher." 
ducftion  The  influence  was,  moreover,  reciprocal.  Diirer's 
influence  by  means  of  his  engravings  had  of 
course  long  penetrated  to  the  Netherlands,  but  I 
think  it  is  not  impossible  in  one  or  two  instances  to 
trace  evidence  of  the  more  intimate  effecft  which 
the  visit  of  so  striking  a  personality  was  likely  to 
make.  In  particular  the  "  Portrait  of  Carondelet," 
by  Mabuse,  in  the  Louvre  shows  an  approach 
to  Diirer's  method  both  of  design  and  modelling 
which  is  not  to  be  found  either  in  earlier  or  later 
works  by  that  master.  Even  the  technique  with 
its  repetition  of  hatched  lines  suggests  an  exper- 
iment in  Diirer's  more  linear  method,  a  renun- 
ciation for  the  moment  by  Mabuse  of  the  true 
Netherlandish  style  of  handling  paint. 

Besides  the  pidlures  and  the  many  portrait 
drawings  of  this  period,  the  journal  is  illustrated 
throughout  by  Diirer's  sketch-book,  scattered 
leaves  of  which  have  so  fortunately  come  down 
to  us. 

Roger  Fry 


i 


LETTERS  FROM  VENICE  TO 
WILIBALD  PIRKHEIMER 


LETTERS  FROM  VENICE  TO 
WILIBALD  PIRKHEIMER 


Venice,  6th  January,  ijo6 

To  the  Honourable  and  wise  Wilibald  Pirkhei- 
mer,  in  Nuremberg. 

MY  dear  Master,  To  you  and  all  yours, 
many  happy  good  New  Years.  My  will- 
ing service  to  you,  dear  Herr  Pirkhei- 
mer.  Know  that  I  am  in  good  health;  may  God 
send  you  better  even  than  that.  Now  as  to  what 
you  commissioned  me,  namely,  to  buy  a  few 
pearls  and  precious  stones ^you  must  know  that 
I  can  find  nothing  good  enough  or  worth  the 
money;  everything  is  snapped  up  by  the  Ger- 
mans. Those  who  go  about  on  the  Riva  always 
expecft  four  times  the  value  for  anything,  for 
they  are  the  falsest  knaves  that  live  there.  No 
one  expecfls  to  get  an  honest  service  of  them. 
For  that  reason  some  good  people  warned  me 
to  be  on  my  guard  against  them.  They  told  me 
that  they  cheat  both  man  and  beast,  and  that 
you  could  buy  better  things  for  less  money  at 
Frankfort  than  at  Venice.  As  for  the  books  which 
I  was  to  order  for  you,  Imhof  has  already  seen 
to  it,  but  if  you  are  in  need  of  anything  else,  let 

3 


Letters  me  know,  and  I  shall  do  it  for  you  with  all  zeal, 
from  And  would  to  God  that  I  could  do  you  some  real 
Venice  good  service.  I  should  gladly  accomplish  it,  since 
I  know  how  much  you  do  for  me.  And  I  beg  of 
you  be  patient  with  my  debt,  for  I  think  oftener 
of  it  than  you  do.  As  soon  as  God  helps  me  to 
get  home  I  will  pay  you  honourably,  with  many 
thanks;  for  I  have  to  paint  a  picfture  for  the  Ger- 
mans, for  which  they  are  giving  me  no  Rhe- 
nish gulden,  which  will  not  cost  me  as  much  as 
five.  I  shall  have  finished  laying  and  scraping  the 
ground-work  in  eight  days,  then  I  shall  at  once 
begin  to  paint,  and  if  God  will,  it  shall  be  in  its 
place  for  the  altar  a  month  after  Easter. 

The  money  I  hope,  if  God  will,  to  put  by;  and 
from  that  I  will  pay  you:  for  I  think  that  I  need 
not  send  my  mother  and  wife  any  money  at  pres- 
ent; I  left  ID  florins  with  my  mother  when  I  came 
away;  she  has  since  got  9  or  10  florins  by  selling 
works  of  art.  Dratzieher  has  paid  her  12  florins, 
and  I  have  sent  her  9  florins  by  Sebastian  Imhof, 
of  which  she  has  to  pay  Pfinzing  and  Gartner 
7  florins  for  rent.  I  gave  my  wife  12  florins  and 
she  got  13  more  at  Frankfort,  making  all  together 
23  florins,  so  I  don't  think  she  will  be  in  any  need, 
and  if  she  does  want  anything,  her  brother  will 
have  to  help  her,  until  I  come  home,  when  I  will 
repay  him  honourably.  Herewith  let  me  com- 
mend myself  to  you . 


Given  at  Venice  on  the  day  of  the  Holy  Three  Letters 
Kings  (Epiphany),  the  year  ijo6.  from 

Greet  for  me  Stephen  Paumgartner  and  my  Venice 
other  good  friends  who  ask  after  me. 

Albrecht  Diirer. 


II 

7th  February,  1^06 

FIRST  my  willing  service  to  you,  dear  Mas- 
ter. If  it  is  well  with  you,  I  am  as  whole- 
heartedly glad  as  I  should  be  for  myself.  I 
wrote  to  you  recently.  I  hope  the  letter  reached 
you.  In  the  meantime  my  mother  has  written  to 
me,  chiding  me  for  not  writing  to  you,  and  has 
given  me  to  understand  that  you  are  displeased 
with  me  because  I  do  not  write  to  you;  and  that 
I  must  excuse  myself  to  you  fully.  And  she  is 
much  worried  about  it,  as  is  her  wont.  Now  I  do 
not  know  what  excuse  to  make,  except  that  I  am 
lazy  about  writing  and  that  you  have  not  been 
at  home.  But  as  soon  as  I  knew  that  you  were 
at  home  or  were  coming  home,  I  wrote  to  you 
at  once;  I  also  specially  charged  Castel  (Fugger) 
to  convey  my  service  to  you.  Therefore  I  most 
humbly  beg  you  to  forgive  me,  for  I  have  no 
other  friend  on  earth  but  you;  but  I  do  not  be- 
lieve you  are  angry  with  me,  for  I  hold  you  as 
no  other  than  a  father. 


Letters  How  I  wish  you  were  here  at  Venice,  there  are 
from  so  many  good  fellows  among  the  Italians  who 
Venice  seek  my  company  more  and  more  every  day— 
which  is  very  gratifying  to  me— men  of  sense, 
and  scholarly,  good  lute-players,  and  pipers,  con- 
noisseurs in  painting,  men  of  much  noble  senti- 
ment and  honest  virtue,  and  they  show  me  much 
honour  and  friendship.  On  the  other  hand,  there 
are  also  amongst  them  the  most  faithless,  lying, 
thievish  rascals ;  such  as  I  scarcely  believed  could 
exist  on  earth;  and  yet  if  one  did  not  know  them, 
one  would  think  that  they  were  the  nicest  men 
on  earth.  I  cannot  help  laughing  to  myself  when 
they  talk  to  me:  they  know  that  their  villainy 
is  well  known,  but  that  does  not  bother  them.  I 
have  many  good  friends  among  the  Italians  who 
•  warn  me  not  to  eat  and  drink  with  their  paint- 
ers, for  many  of  them  are  my  enemies  and  copy 
my  work  in  the  churches  and  wherever  they  can 
find  it ;  afterwards  they  criticise  it  and  claim  that 
it  is  not  done  in  the  antique  style  and  say  it  is 
no  good,  but  Giambellin  (Giovanni  Bellini)  has 
praised  me  highly  to  many  gentlemen.  He  would 
willingly  have  something  of  mine,  and  came  him- 
self to  me  and  asked  me  to  do  something  for 
him,  and  said  that  he  would  pay  well  for  it,  and 
everyone  tells  me  what  an  upright  man  he  is, 
so  that  I  am  really  friendly  with  him.  He  is  very 
old  and  yet  he  is  the  best  painter  of  all. 
And  the  thing  which  pleased  me  so  well  eleven 
6 


years  ago  pleases  me  no  longer,  and  if  I  had  not  Letters 
seen  it  myself,  I  would  not  have  believed  any-  from 
one  who  told  me.  And  you  must  know  too  that  Venice 
there  are  many  better  painters  here  than  Mas- 
ter Jacob  (Jacopo  de'  Barbari),  though  Antonio 
Kolb  would  take  an  oath  that  there  was  no  bet- 
ter painter  on  earth  than  Jacob.  Others  sneer  at 
him  and  say  if  he  were  any  good,  he  would  stay 
here.  I  have  only  to-day  begun  the  sketch  of  my 
picfture,  for  my  hands  are  so  scabby  that  I  could 
not  work,  but  I  have  cured  them.  And  now  be 
lenient  with  me  and  do  not  get  angry  so  quickly, 
but  be  gentle  like  me.  You  will  not  learn  from  me, 
I  do  not  know  why.  My  dear,  I  should  like  to  know 
whether  any  of  your  loves  is  dead  — that  one 
close  by  the  water,  for  instance,  or  the  one  like 
or  f  or  «5^>- — ^  's  girl  so  that  you 
-•*         ^^"^"-^  might  get  another 

in  her  stead. 

Given  at  Venice  at  the  ninth  hour  of  the  night 
on  Saturday  after  Candlemas  in  the  year  1506. 

Give  my  service  to  Stephen  Paumgartner  and 
to  Masters  Hans  Harsdorfer  and  Volkamer. 

Albrecht  Durer. 


F 


Letters  III 

from  28th  February,  ijo6 

Venice  t  ^JJ^SJ  ^ny  willing  service  to  you,  dear  Herr 
Pirkheimer.  If  things  go  well  with  you,  then 
I  am  indeed  glad.  Know,  too,  that  by  the 
grace  of  God  I  am  doing  well  and  working  fast. 
Still  I  do  not  expecfl  to  have  finished  before 
Whitsuntide.  I  have  sold  all  my  picftures  except 
one.  For  two  I  got  24  ducats,  and  the  other  three 
I  gave  for  these  three  rings,  which  were  valued 
in  the  exchange  as  worth  24  ducats,  but  I  have 
shown  them  to  some  good  friends  and  they  say 
they  are  only  worth  22,  and  as  you  wrote  to  me 
to  buy  you  some  jewels,  I  thought  that  I  would 
send  you  the  rings  by  Franz  Imhof  Show  them 
to  people  who  understand  them,  and  if  you  like 
them,  keep  them  for  what  they  are  worth.  In 
case  you  do  not  want  them,  send  them  back  by 
the  next  messenger,  for  here  at  Venice  a  man 
who  helped  to  make  the  exchange  will  give  me 
12  ducats  for  the  emerald  and  10  ducats  for  the 
ruby  and  diamond,  so  that  I  need  not  lose  more 
than  2  ducats. 

I  wish  you  had  occasion  to  come  here,  I  know 
the  time  would  pass  quickly,  for  there  are  so 
many  nice  men  here,  real  artists.  And  I  have 
such  a  crowd  of  foreigners  (Italians)  about  me 
that  I  am  forced  sometimes  to  shut  myself  up, 
and  the  gentlemen  all  wish  me  well,  but  few  of 
the  painters. 
8 


Dear  Master,  Andreas  Kunhofer  sends  you  his  Letters 
service  and  means  to  write  to  you  by  the  next  from 
courier.  Herewith  let  me  be  commended  to  you,  Venice 
and  I  also  commend  my  mother  to  you.  I  am  won- 
dering greatly  why  she  has  not  written  to  me 
for  so  long,  and  as  for  my  wife,  I  begin  to  think 
that  I  have  lost  her,  and  I  am  surprised  too  that 
you  do  not  write  to  me,  but  I  have  read  the  let- 
ter which  you  wrote  to  Sebastian  Imhof  about 
me.  Please  give  the  two  enclosed  letters  to  my 
mother,  and  have  patience,  I  pray,  till  God  brings 
me  home,  when  I  will  honourably  repay  you.  My 
greetings  to  Stephen  Pirkheimer  and  other  good 
friends,  and  let  me  know  if  any  of  your  loves 
are  dead.  Read  this  according  to  the  sense:  I  am 
hurried. 

Given  in  Venice,  the  Sunday  before  Whitsun- 
day, the  year  1^06. 

Albrecht  Diirer. 

Tomorrow  it  is  good  to  confess. 


F 


IV 

8th  March,  1^06 

IRST  my  willing  service  to  you,  dear  Herr 
Pirkheimer.  I  send  you  herewith  a  ring  with 
a  sapphire  about  which  you  wrote  so  ur- 

9 


Letters  gently.  I  could  not  send  it  sooner,  for  the  past 
from  two  days  I  have  been  running  around  to  all  the 
Venice  German  and  Italian  goldsmiths  that  are  in  all 
Venice  with  a  good  assistant  whom  I  hired ;  and 
we  made  comparisons,  but  were  unable  to  match 
this  one  at  the  price,  and  only  after  much  en- 
treaty could  I  get  it  for  i8  ducats  4  marcelli  from 
a  man  who  was  wearing  it  on  his  own  hand  and 
who  let  me  have  it  as  a  favour,  as  I  gave  him 
to  understand  that  I  wanted  it  for  myself.  And 
as  soon  as  I  had  bought  it  a  German  goldsmith 
wanted  to  give  me  3  ducats  more  for  it  than 
I  paid,  so  I  hope  that  you  will  like  it.  Everybody 
says  that  it  is  a  good  stone,  and  that  in  Ger- 
many it  would  be  worth  about  jo  florins ;  how- 
ever, you  will  know  whether  they  tell  truth  or 
lies.  I  understand  nothing  about  it.  I  had  first  of 
all  bought  an  amethyst  for  1 2  ducats  from  a  man 
whom  I  thought  was  a  good  friend,  but  he  de- 
ceived me,  for  it  was  not  worth  7 ;  but  the  mat- 
ter was  arranged  between  us  by  some  good  fel- 
lows; I  will  give  him  back  the  stone  and  make 
him  a  present  of  a  dish  offish.  I  was  glad  to  do 
so  and  took  my  money  back  quickly.  As  my  good 
friend  values  the  ring,  the  stone  is  not  worth 
much  more  than  10  Rhenish  florins,  whilst  the 
gold  of  the  ring  weighs  about  up  to  5  florins, 
so  that  I  have  not  gone  beyond  the  limit  set 
me,  as  you  wrote  "from  15  to  20  florins."  But  the 
other  stone  I  have  not  yet  been  able  to  buy,  for 
10 


one  finds  them  rarely  in  pairs;  but  I  will  do  all  I  Letters 
can  about  it.  They  say  here  that  such  trumpery  from 
fool's  work  is  to  be  had  cheaper  in  Germany,  Venice 
especially  now  at  the   Frankfurt  Fair.  For  the 
Italians  take  such  stuff  abroad.  And  they  laugh 
at  me,  especially  about  the  jacinth  cross,  when 
I  speak  of  2  ducats,  so  write  quickly  and  tell  me 
what  I  am  to  do.  I  have  heard  of  a  good  diamond 
ornament  in  a  certain  place,  but  I  do  not  yet  know 
what  it  will  cost.  I  shall  buy  it  for  you  until  you 
write  again,  for  emeralds  are  as  dear  as  anything 
I  have  seen  in  all  my  days.  It  is  easy  enough  for 
anyone  to  get  a  small  amethyst  if  he  thinks  it 
worth  20  or  15  ducats. 

It  really  seems  to  me  you  must  have  taken  a 
mistress;  only  beware  you  don't  get  a  master. 
But  you  are  wise  enough  about  your  own  affairs. 

Dear  Pirkheimer,  Andreas  Kiinhofer  sends  you 
his  service.  He  intends  in  the  meantime  to  write 
to  you,  and  he  prays  you  if  necessary  to  explain 
for  him  to  the  Council  why  he  does  not  stay  at 
Padua;  he  says  there  is  nothing  there  for  him 
to  learn.  Don't  be  angry  I  pray  you  with  me  for 
not  sending  all  the  stones  on  this  occasion,  for 
I  could  not  get  them  all  ready.  My  friends  tell 
me  that  you  should  have  the  stone  set  with  a 
new  foil  and  it  will  look  twice  as  good  again,  for 
the  ring  is  old,  and  the  foil  spoiled.  And  I  beg 
you  too  to  tell  my  mother  to  write  me  soon  and 
have  good  care  of  herself  Herewith  I  commend 
myself  to  you.  jj 


Letters     Given  at  Venice  on  the  second  Sunday  in  Lent, 
from       ijo6. 

Venice  Albrecht  Durer. 

Greetings  to  your  loves. 


V 

2nd  April,  1506 

FIRST  my  willing  service  to  you,  dear  Sir. 
I  received  a  letter  from  you  on  the  Thurs- 
day before  Palm  Sunday,  together  with  the 
emerald  ring,  and  went  immediately  to  the  man 
from  whom  I  got  the  rings.  He  will  give  me  back 
my  money  for  it,  although  it  is  a  thing  that  he  does 
not  like  to  do;  however,  he  has  given  me  his  word 
and  he  must  hold  to  that.  Do  you  know  that  the 
jewellers  buy  emeralds  abroad  and  sell  them 
here  at  a  profit?  But  my  friends  tell  me  that  the 
other  two  rings  are  well  worth  6  ducats  apiece, 
for  they  say  that  they  are  fine  and  clear  and  con- 
tain no  flaws.  And  they  say  that  instead  of  taking 
them  to  the  valuer  you  should  enquire  for  such 
rings  as  they  can  show  you  and  then  compare 
them  and  see  whether  they  are  like  them ;  and  if 
when  I  got  them  by  exchange  I  had  been  willing 
to  lose  2  ducats  on  the  three  rings,  Bernard  Holz- 
beck,  who  was  present  at  the  transacftion,  would 
have  bought  them  of  me.  I  have  since  sent  you 
12 


a  sapphire  ring  by  Franz  Imhof,  I  hope  it  has  Letters 
reached  you.  I  think  I  made  a  good  bargain  at  From 
that  place,  for  they  offered  to  buy  it  of  me  at  a  Venice 
profit  on  the  spot.  But  I  shall  find  out  from  you, 
for  you  know  that  I  understand  nothing  about 
such  things  and  am  forced  to  trust  those  who 
advise  me. 

The  painters  here  you  must  know  are  very  un- 
friendly to  me.  They  have  summoned  me  three 
times  before  the  magistrates,  and  I  have  had 
to  pay  4  florins  to  their  School.  You  must  know 
too  that  I  might  have  gained  much  money  if  I 
had  not  undertaken  to  make  the  painting  for  the 
Germans,  for  there  is  a  great  deal  of  work  in  it 
and  I  cannot  well  finish  it  before  Whitsuntide; 
yet  they  only  pay  me  8^  ducats  for  it.  That,  you 
know,  will  go  in  living  expenses,  and  then  I  have 
bought  some  things,  and  have  sent  some  money 
away,  so  that  I  have  not  much  in  hand  now ;  but 
I  have  made  up  my  mind  not  to  leave  here  until 
God  enables  me  to  repay  you  with  thanks  and 
to  have  loo  florins  over  besides.  I  should  easily 
earn  this  if  I  had  not  got  to  do  the  German  pic- 
ture, for,  except  the  painters,  everyone  wishes 
me  well. 

Please  tell  my  mother  to  speak  to  Wolgemut 
about  my  brother,  and  to  ask  him  whether  he 
can  give  him  work  until  I  get  back,  or  whether  he 
can  find  employment  with  others.  I  should  like 
to  have  brought  him  with  me  to  Venice,  which 

13 


Letters  would  have  been  useful  both  to  me  and  to  him 
from  and  he  would  have  learned  the  language,  but 
Venice  she  was  afraid  that  the  sky  would  fall  on  him.  I 
pray  you  keep  an  eye  on  him:  women  are  no 
use  for  that.  Tell  the  boy,  as  you  can  so  well,  to 
be  studious  and  independent  till  I  come,  and  not 
to  rely  on  his  mother,  for  I  cannot  do  everything 
although  I  shall  do  my  best.  If  it  were  only  for 
myself,  I  should  not  starve;  but  to  provide  for  so 
many  is  too  hard  for  me,  and  nobody  is  throwing 
money  away. 

Now  I  commend  myself  to  you,  and  tell  my 
mother  to  be  ready  to  sell  at  the  Crown  Fair.  I 
am  expedling  my  wife  to  come  home,  and  have 
written  to  her  too  about  everything.  I  shall  not 
purchase  the  diamond  ornament  until  you  write. 
I  do  not  think  I  shall  be  able  to  return  home 
before  next  Autumn.  What  I  earn  for  the  pic- 
ture which  was  to  have  been  ready  by  Whitsun- 
tide will  all  be  gone  in  living  expenses  and  pay- 
ments. But  what  I  gain  afterwards  I  hope  to  save. 
If  you  think  it  right,  say  nothing  of  this  and  I  shall 
keep  putting  it  off  from  day  to  day  and  writing 
as  though  I  was  just  coming.  Indeed  I  am  quite 
irresolute;  I  do  not  know  myself  what  I  shall  do. 
Write  to  me  again  soon. 

Given  on  Thursday  before  Palm  Sunday  in  the 
year  ijo6. 

Albrecht  Durer. 

Your  servant. 
14 


VI  Letters 

25th  April,  IJ06  from 

FIRST  my  willing  service  to  you,  dear  Sir.  I  Venice 
wonder  why  you  do  not  write  to  me  to  say 
how  you  like  the  sapphire  ring  which  Hans 
Imhof  has  sent  you  by  the  messenger  Schon  from 
Augsburg.  I  do  not  know  whether  it  has  reached 
you  or  not.  I  have  been  to  Hans  Imhof  and  en- 
quired, and  he  says  that  he  knows  no  reason  why 
it  should  not  have  reached  you,  and  there  is  a 
letter  with  it  which  I  wrote  to  you,  and  the  stone 
is  done  up  in  a  sealed  packet  and  has  the  same 
size  as  is  drawn  here,  for  I  drew  it  in  my  note- 
book. I  managed  to  get  it  only  after  hard  bargain- 
ing. The  stone  is  clear  and  fine,  and  my  friends 
say  it  is  very  good  for  the  money  I  gave  for  it. 
It  weighs  about  5  florins  Rhenish,  and  I  gave  for 
it  18  ducats  and  4  marzelle,  and  if  it  should  be 
lost  I  should  be  half  mad,  for  it  has  been  valued 
at  quite  twice  what  I  gave  for  it.  There  were 
people  who  would  have  given  me  more  for  it  the 
moment  I  had  bought  it.  So,  dear  Herr  Pirkheimer, 
tell  Hans  Imhof  to  enquire  of  the  messenger  what 
he  has  done  with  the  letter  and  packet.  The  mes- 
senger was  sent  off  by  Hans  Imhof  the  younger 
on  the  nth  March. 

Now  may  God  keep  you,  and  let  me  commend 
my  mother  to  you.  Tell  her  to  take  my  brother 
to  Wolgemut  that  he  may  work  and  not  be  idle. 

Ever  your  servant. 


Letters  Read  by  the  sense.  I  am  in  a  hurry,  for  I  have 
from      seven  letters  to  write,  ^  part  written.  I  am  sorry 
Venice  for  Herr  Lorenz.  Greet  him  and  Stephen  Paum- 
gartner. 

Given  at  Venice  in  the  year  ijo6,  on  St.  Mark's 
Day.  Write  me  an  answer  soon,  for  I  shall  have 
no  rest  till  I  hear.  Andreas  Kiinhofer  is  deadly  ill 
as  I  have  just  heard. 

Albrecht  Diirer. 


VII 

28th  August,  1^06 

TO  the  first  greatest  man  in  the  world;  your 
servant  and  slave,  Alberto  Diirer,  sends  salu- 
tation to  his  magnificent  Master  Wilibaldo 
Pirkamer.  By  my  faith,  I  hear  gladly  and  with 
great  pleasure  of  your  health  and  great  honour, 
and  I  marvel  how  it  is  possible  for  a  man  like 
you  to  stand  against  so  many,  tyrants,  bullies, 
and  soldiers.  Not  otherwise  than  by  the  grace  of 
God.  When  I  read  your  letter  about  this  strange 
abuse  it  gave  me  great  fright;  I  thought  it  was 
a  serious  matter.  But  I  warrant  you  frighten  even 
Schott's  men,  for  you  look  wild  enough,  espe- 
cially on  holy  days  with  your  skipping  gait!  But 
it  is  very  improper  for  such  a  soldier  to  smear 
himself  with  civet.  You  want  to  be  a  regular  silk 
tail,  and  you  think  that  if  only  you  manage  to 
16 


please  the  girls,  it  is  all  right.  If  you  were  only  as  Letters 
taking  a  fellow  as  I  am,  I  should  not  be  so  pro-  from 
voked.  You  have  so  many  loves  that  it  would  Venice 
take  you  a  month  and  more  to  visit  each. 

However,  let  me  thank  you  for  having  arranged 
my  affairs  so  satisfactorily  with  my  wife.  I  know 
there  is  no  lack  of  wisdom  in  you.  If  only  you 
were  as  gentle  as  I  am,  you  would  have  all  the 
virtues.  Thank  you,  too,  for  everything  you  are 
doing  for  me,  if  only  you  would  not  bother  me 
about  the  rings.  If  they  do  not  please  you,  break 
off  their  heads  and  throw  them  in  the  privy,  as 
Peter  Weisweber  says.  What  do  you  mean  by 
setting  me  to  such  dirty  work,  I  have  become 
a  gentiluomo  at  Venice.  I  have  heard  that  you 
can  make  lovely  rhymes ;  you  would  be  a  find 
for  our  fiddlers  here.  They  play  so  beautifully 
that  they  weep  over  their  own  music.  Would 
God  that  our  Rechenmeister  girl  could  hear  them, 
she  would  cry  too.  At  your  command  I  will  again 
lay  aside  my  anger  and  behave  even  better  than 
usual. 

But  I  cannot  get  away  from  here  in  two  months, 
for  I  have  not  enough  money  yet  to  start  my- 
self oif,  as  I  have  written  to  you  before;  and  so  I 
pray  you  if  my  mother  comes  to  you  for  a  loan, 
let  her  have  lo  florins  till  God  helps  me  out.Then 
I  will  scrupulously  repay  you  the  whole. 

With  this  I  am  sending  you  the  glass  things  by 
the  messenger.  And  as  for  the  two  carpets,  An- 

17 


Letters  thon  Kolb  will  help  me  to  buy  the  most  beautiful, 
from  the  broadest,  and  the  cheapest.  As  soon  as  I  have 
Venice  them  I  will  give  them  to  Imhof  the  younger  to 
pack  off  to  you.  I  shall  also  look  after  the  crane's 
feathers.  I  have  not  been  able  to  find  any  as  yet. 
But  of  swan's  feathers  for  writing  with  there  are 
plenty.  How  would  it  do  if  you  stuck  them  on 
your  hats  in  the  meantime? 

A  book  printer  of  whom  I  enquired  tells  me 
that  he  knows  of  no  Greek  books  that  have  been 
brought  out  recently,  but  any  that  he  comes 
across  he  will  acquaint  me  with  that  I  may  write 
to  you  about  them.  And  please  inform  me  what 
sort  of  paper  you  want  me  to  buy,  for  I  know  of 
no  finer  quality  than  we  get  at  home.  As  to  the 
Historical  pieces,  I  see  nothing  extraordinary  in 
what  the  Italians  make  that  would  be  specially 
useful  for  your  work.  It  is  always  the  same  thing. 
You  yourself  know  more  than  they  paint.  I  have 
sent  you  a  letter  recently  by  the  messenger  Kan- 
nengiesser.  Also  I  should  like  to  know  how  you 
are  managing  with  Kunz  Imhof. 

Herewith  let  me  commend  myself  to  you.  Give 
my  willing  service  to  our  prior.  Tell  him  to  pray 
God  for  me  that  I  may  be  protecfted,  and  espe- 
cially from  the  French  sickness,  for  there  is  noth- 
ing I  fear  more  now  and  nearly  everyone  has  it. 
Many  men  are  quite  eaten  up  and  die  of  it.  And 
greet  Stephen  Paumgartner  and  Herr  Lorenz  and 
those  who  kindly  ask  after  me. 
18 


Given  at  Venice  on  the  i8th  August,  1506.  Letters 

Albrecht  Dijrer.   from 
Noricus  civis  Venice 

P.S.  Lest  I  forget,  Andreas  is  here  and  sends  you 
his  service.  He  is  not  yet  strong,  and  is  in  want 
of  money.  His  long  illness  and  debts  have  eaten 
up  everything  he  had.  I  have  myself  lent  him 
8  ducats,  but  don't  tell  anyone,  in  case  it  should 
come  back  to  him.  He  might  think  I  told  you  in 
bad  faith.  You  must  know,  too,  that  he  behaves 
himself  so  honourably  that  everyone  wishes  him 
well.  I  have  a  mind,  if  the  King  comes  to  Italy, 
to  go  with  him  to  Rome. 


VIII 

8th  September,  1^06 

MOST  learned,  approved,  wise,  master  of 
many  languages,  keen  to  detecft  all  ut- 
.tered  lies,  and  quick  to  recognize  real 
truth,  honourable,  Herr  Wilibald  Pirkheimer, 
your  humble  servant,  Albrecht  Diirer,  wishes 
you  all  health,  great  and  worthy  honour,  with 
the  devil  as  much  of  such  nonsense  as  you 
like. 

I  will  wager  that  for  this  you  too  would  think 
me  an  orator  of  a  hundred  headings.  A  cham- 
ber must  have  more  than  four  corners  which  is 

19 


Letters  to  contain  gods  of  memory.  I  will  not  addle  my 
from  pate  with  it.  I  will  recommend  it  to  you,  but  I 
Venice  believe  that  however  many  chambers  there  may 
be  in  the  head,  you  would  have  a  little  bit  in  each 
of  them.  The  Margrave  would  not  grant  a  long 
enough  audience.  A  hundred  headings  and  to 
each  head  say  a  hundred  words:  that  takes  9  days, 
7  hours,  51  minutes,  not  counting  the  sighs,  which 
I  have  not  yet  reckoned ;  but  you  could  not  get 
through  the  whole  in  one  go:  it  would  draw  itself 
out  like  some  dotard's  speech. 

I  have  taken  every  trouble  about  the  carpets, 
but  I  cannot  find  any  wide  ones ;  they  are  all  nar- 
row and  long.  However,  I  still  look  out  for  them 
every  day,  and  so  does  Anthon  Kolb.  I  gave  your 
respedls  to  Bernhard  Hirschvogel  and  he  sent 
you  his  service.  He  is  full  of  sorrow  for  the  death 
of  his  son,  the  nicest  boy  that  I  have  ever  seen. 
I  can't  get  any  of  your  fool's  feathers.  Oh,  if  you 
were  only  here,  how  you  would  admire  these 
fine  Italian  soldiers!  How  often  I  think  of  you! 
Would  God  that  you  and  Kuntz  Kamerer  could 
see  them !  They  have  scythe-shaped  lances  with 
218  points;  if  they  only  touch  a  man  with  them 
he  dies,  for  they  are  all  poisoned.  Heigho!  but  I 
can  do  it  well,  I  '11  be  an  Italian  soldier.  The  Ve- 
netians are  collecfting  many  men;  so  is  the  Pope 
and  the  King  of  France.  What  will  come  of  it  I 
don't  know,  for  people  scoiF  at  our  King  a  great 
deal. 

20 


Wish  Stephen  Paumgartner  much  happiness  Letters 
from  me.  I  can't  wonder  at  his  having  taken  a  from 
wife.  My  greeting  to  Borsch,  Herr  Lorenz,  and  Venice 
our  fair  friend,  as  well  as  to  your  Rechenmeister 
girl,  and  thank  your  Club  for  its  greeting;  says 
it 's  a  dirty  one.  I  sent  you  olive-wood  from  Venice 
to  Augsburg,  where  I  let  it  stay,  a  full  ten  hun- 
dred weight.  But  it  says  it  won't  wait,  hence  the 
stink. 

My  picfture,  <7^^5Xv«^  you  must  know,  says  it 
would  give  a  -^^^  ®W»  ducat  for  you  to  see  it.  It 
is  well  paint-  ^^A^^^^  ed  and  finely  coloured. 
I  have  got  y'A^--^—!p-N^ much  praise  but  little 

profit  by  it.   vL^ L— /  I    could   have    easily 

earned  200  ducats  in  the  time,  and  I  have  had  to 
decline  big  commissions  in  order  to  come  home. 
I  have  shut  up  all  the  painters,  who  used  to  say 
that  I  was  good  at  engraving,  but  that  in  painting 
I  did  n't  know  how  to  handle  my  colours.  Now 
they  all  say  they  never  saw  better  colouring. 

My  French  mantle  greets  you,  and  so  does  my 
Italian  coat.  It  seems  to  me  that  you  smell  of 
gallantry.  I  can  scent  it  from  here;  and  they  say 
here,  that  when  you  go  courting,  you  pretend 
to  be  no  more  than  25  years  old.  —  Oh,  yes !  mul- 
tiply that  and  I  '11  believe  it.  My  friend,  there  's 
a  devil  of  a  lot  of  Italians  here  who  are  just  like 
you.  I  don't  know  how  it  isl 

The  Doge  and  the  Patriarch  have  seen  my  pic- 
ture. Herewith  let  me  commend  myself  as  your 

21 


Letters  servant.  I  really  must  sleep, for  it's  striking  seven 
from  at  night,  and  I  have  already  written  to  the  Prior 
Venice  of  the  Augustines,  to  my  father-in-law,  to  Mistress 
Dietrich,  and  to  my  wife,  and  they  are  all  sheets 
cram  full.  So  I  have  had  to  hurry  over  this.  Read 
according  to  the  sense.  You  would  do  it  better 
if  you  were  writing  to  princes.  Many  good  nights 
to  you,  and  days  too.  Given  at  Venice  on  Our 
Lady's  Day  in  September. 

You  need  n't  lend  my  wife  and  mother  any- 
thing. They  have  got  money  enough. 

Albert  Durer. 


IX 

23  Sept.  1^06 

YOUR  letter  telling  me  of  the  overflow- 
ing praise  that  you  received  from  princes 
and  nobles  gave  me  great  allegrezza.  You 
must  have  changed  completely  to  have  become 
so  gentle;  I  must  do  likewise  when  I  meet  you 
again.  Know  also  that  my  picftureis  finished,  like- 
wise another  quadro,  the  like  of  which  I  never 
made  before.  And  as  you  are  so  pleased  with 
yourself,  let  me  tell  you  now  that  there  is  no 
better  Madonna  picfture  in  all  the  land,  for  all 
the  painters  praise  it  as  the  nobles  do  you.  They 
say  that  they  have  never  seen  a  nobler,  more 
charming  painting. 
22 


The  oil  for  which  you  wrote  I  am  sending  by  Letters 
Kannengiesser.  And  burnt  glass  that  I  sent  you  from 
by  Farber— tell  me  if  it  reached  you  safely.  As  Venice 
for  the  carpets,  I  have  not  bought  any  yet,  for  I 
cannot  find  any  square  ones.  They  are  all  nar- 
row and  long.  If  you  would  like  any  of  these,  I 
will  willingly  buy  them;  let  me  know  about  it. 

Know  also  that  in  four  weeks  at  the  latest  I  shall 
be  finished  here,  for  I  have  to  paint  first  some 
portraits  that  I  have  promised,  and  in  order  that  I 
may  get  home  soon,  I  have  refused,  since  my 
picfture  was  finished,  orders  for  more  than  2000 
ducats;  all  my  neighbours  know  of  this. 

Now  let  me  commend  myself  to  you.  I  had 
much  more  to  write,  but  the  messenger  is  ready 
to  start;  besides,  I  hope,  if  God  will,  to  be  with 
you  again  soon  and  to  learn  new  wisdom  from 
you.  Bernhard  Holzbeck  told  me  great  things 
of  you,  but  I  believe  that  he  did  so  because 
you  have  become  his  brother-in-law.  But  nothing 
makes  me  more  angry  than  to  hear  anyone  say 
that  you  are  handsome,  for  then  I  should  have  to 
be  ugly;  that  would  make  me  mad.  The  other 
day  I  found  a  grey  hair  on  my  head,  which  was 
produced  by  sheer  misery  and  annoyance.  I  think 
I  am  fated  to  have  evil  days. 

My  French  mantle  and  the  doublet  and  the 
brown  coat  send  you  a  hearty  greeting.  But  I 
should  like  to  see  what  your  drinking  club  can 
do  that  you  hold  yourself  so  high. 

23 


Letters    Given  the  year  1506  on  Wednesday  after  St. 

from      Matthew's. 

Venice  Albrecht  Durer. 


X 

About  the  13th  Ocftober,  1506 

SINCE  I  know  that  you  are  aware  of  my  de- 
I  votion  to  your  service,  there  is  no  need  to 
write  about  it;  but  so  much  the  more  neces- 
sary is  it  for  me  to  tell  you  of  the  great  delight 
it  gives  me  to  hear  of  the  high  honour  and  fame 
that  you  have  attained  to  by  your  manly  wis- 
dom and  learned  skill.  This  is  the  more  to  be 
wondered  at,  for  seldom  or  never  can  the  like  be 
found  in  a  young  body;  but  it  comes  to  you  by 
the  special  grace  of  God,  as  it  does  to  me.  How 
pleased  we  both  feel  when  we  think  well  of 
ourselves,  I  with  my  picflure,  and  you  con  vos- 
tra  learning!  When  anyone  praises  us  we  hold 
up  our  head  and  believe  him,  yet  perhaps  he  is 
only  some  false  flatterer  who  is  making  fun  of  us, 
so  don't  credit  anyone  who  praises  you,  for  you 
have  no  notion  how  unmannerly  you  are. 

I  can  readily  portray  you  to  myself  standing  be- 
fore the  Margrave  and  making  pretty  speeches. 
You  carry  on  just  as  though  you  were  making 
love  to  the  Rosentaler  girl,  cringing  so. 
24 


It  did  not  escape  me,  when  you  wrote  the  last  Letters 
letter,  you  were  full  of  amorous  thoughts.  You  from 
ought  to  be  ashamed  of  yourself,  for  making  Venice 
yourself  out  so  good  looking  when  you  are  so 
old.  Your  flirting  is  like  a  big  shaggy  dog  play- 
ing with  a  little  kitten.  If  you  were  only  as  nice 
and  sleek  as  I  am,  I  might  understand  it;  but 
when  I  get  to  be  a  burgomaster  I  will  shame  you 
with  the  Luginsland,  as  you  do  the  pious  Zame- 
ner  and  me.  I  will  have  you  shut  up  there  for 
once  with  the  Rechenmeister,  Rosentaler,  Gart- 
ner, Schiitz,  and  Por  girls,  and  many  others  whom 
for  shortness  I  will  not  name.  They  must  deal 
with  you. 

They  ask  after  me  more  than  after  you,  how- 
ever, for  you  yourself  write  that  both  girls  and 
ladies  ask  after  me— that  is  a  sign  of  my  virtue! 
But  if  God  brings  me  home  again  safely,  I  do  not 
know  how  I  shall  get  along  with  you  with  your 
great  wisdom ;  but  I  'm  glad  on  account  of  your 
virtue  and  good  nature;  and  your  dogs  will  be 
the  better  for  it,  for  you  will  not  beat  them  lame 
any  more.  But  if  you  are  so  highly  respecfled  at 
home,  you  will  not  dare  to  be  seen  speaking  with 
a  poor  painter  in  the  streets,  it  would  be  a  great 
disgrace,  con  poltrone  di  pintore. 

Oh,  dear  Herr  Pirkheimer,  this  very  minute, 
while  I  was  writing  to  you  in  good  humour,  the 
fire  alarm  sounded  and  six  houses  over  by  Peter 
Pender's  are  burned,  and  woollen  cloth  of  mine, 

25 


Letters  for  which  I  paid  only  yesterday  8  ducats,  is 
from  burned ;  so  I  too  am  in  trouble.  There  are  often 
Venice  fire  alarms  here. 

As  for  your  plea  that  I  should  come  home 
quickly,  I  will  come  just  as  soon  as  I  can ;  but  I 
must  first  gain  money  for  my  expenses.  I  have 
paid  out  about  loo  ducats  for  colours  and  other 
things,  and  I  have  ordered  two  carpets  which  I 
shall  pay  for  to-morrow ;  but  I  could  not  get  them 
cheap.  I  will  pack  them  up  with  my  linen.  Und 
da  Ihr  schreibt  ich  solle  bald  kommen  oder  Ihr 
wollt  mirs  Weib  Klystieren,  so  ist  Euch  das  nicht 
erlaubt,  Ihr  rittet  sie  denn  zu  Tode. 

Know,  too,  that  I  decided  to  learn  dancing  and 
went  twice  to  the  school,  for  which  I  had  to  pay 
the  master  a  ducat.  No  one  could  get  me  to  go 
there  again.  To  learn  dancing,  I  should  have  had 
to  pay  away  all  that  I  have  earned,  and  at  the 
end  I  should  have  known  nothing  about  it.  As 
for  the  glass,  the  messenger  Farber  will  bring  it 
to  you.  I  cannot  find  out  anywhere  that  they 
are  printing  any  new  Greek  books.  I  will  pack  up 
a  ream  of  your  paper  for  you.  I  thought  Keppler 
had  more  like  it;  but  I  have  not  been  able  to  get 
the  feathers  you  wanted,  and  so  I  bought  white 
ones  instead.  If  I  find  the  green  ones,  I  will  buy 
some  and  bring  them  with  me. 

Stephen  Paumgartner  has  written  to  me  to  buy 
him  fifty  Carnelian  beads  for  a  rosary.  I  have 
ordered  them,  but  they  are  dear.  I  could  not  get 
26 


any  larger  ones,  and  shall  send  them  to  him  by  Letters 
the  next  messenger.  from 

As  to  your  question  as  to  when  I  shall  come  Venice 
home,  I  tell  you,  so  that  my  lords  may  make 
their  arrangements,  that  I  shall  have  finished  here 
in  ten  days.  After  that  I  should  like  to  travel  to 
Bologna  to  learn  the  secrets  of  the  art  of  per- 
spective, which  a  man  there  is  willing  to  teach 
me.  I  should  stay  there  about  eight  or  ten  days 
and  then  come  back  to  Venice;  after  that  I  should 
come  with  the  next  messenger.  How  I  shall 
freeze  after  this  sun!  Here  I  am  a  gentleman, 
at  home  a  parasite.  Let  me  know  how  old  Dame 
Kormer  behaves  as  a  bride,  and  that  you  will  not 
grudge  her  to  me.  There  are  many  things  about 
which  I  should  like  to  write  to  you,  but  I  shall 
soon  be  with  you. 

Given  at  Venice  about  the  14th  day  after  Mi- 
chaelmas, 1^06. 

Albrecht  Diirer. 

P.S.  When  will  you  let  me  know  whether  any 
of  your  children  have  died?  You  also  wrote  me 
once  that  Joseph  Rummel  had  married  — ~'s 
daughter,  and  forgot  to  mention  whose.  How 
should  I  know  what  you  mean?  If  I  only  had 
my  cloth  back!  I  am  afraid  my  mantle  has  been 
burned  too.  That  would  drive  me  crazy.  I  seem 
doomed  to  bad  luck;  not  more  than  three  weeks 
ago  a  man  ran  away  who  owed  me  8  ducats. 

27 


DIARY  OF  A  JOURNEY  IN 

THE  NETHERLANDS 

1^20—1521 


DIARY  OF  A  JOURNEY  IN 

THE  NETHERLANDS 

July,  1^20  — July,  1^21 

Anno  1^20 

ON  Thursday  after  St.  Kilian's  Day,  I,  AI- 
brecht  Diirer,  at  my  own  charges  and 
costs,  took  myself  and  my  wife  from  Nu- 
remberg away  to  the  Netherlands,  and  the  same 
day,  after  we  had  passed  through  Erlangen,  we 
put  up  for  the  night  at  Baiersdorif,  and  spent 
there  3  crowns,  less  6  pfennigs.  From  thence  on 
the  next  day,  Friday,  we  came  to  Forchheim, 
and  there  paid  for  the  conveying  thence  on  the 
journey  to  Bamberg  2  2  pf.,  and  presented  to  the 
Bishop  a  painted  Virgin  and  a  "  Life  of  the  Vir- 
gin," an  "Apocalypse,"  and  a  florin's  worth  of 
engravings.  He  invited  me  to  be  his  guest,  gave 
me  a  toll-pass  and  three  letters  of  introducflion, 
and  settled  my  bill  at  the  inn,  where  I  had  spent 
about  a  florin.  I  paid  6  florins  in  gold  to  the  boat- 
men who  took  me  from  Bamberg  to  Frankfurt. 
Master  Lucas  Benedicft  and  Hans  the  painter  sent 
me  a  present  of  wine.  Spent  4  pf.  for  bread  and 
13  pf.  as  tips. 

Then  I  journeyed  from  Bamberg  to  Eltman,  and 
showed  my  pass,  and  they  let  me  go  free.  And 

31 


Journey  from  there  we  passed  by  Zeil;  in  the  meantime 
in  the  I  spent  2 1  pf.  Next  I  came  to  Hassfurt,  and  showed 
Nether-  ^ly  pass,  and  they  let  me  go  without  paying  duty ; 
lands  I  p^j(j  J  florin  to  the  Bishop  of  Bamberg's  chan- 
cery. Next  I  came  to  Theres  to  the  monastery, 
and  I  showed  my  pass,  and  they  also  let  me  go 
free;  then  we  journeyed  to  Lower  Euerheim. 
There  I  stayed  the  night  and  spent  i  pf.  Thence  we 
went  to  Meinberg,  and  I  showed  my  papers  and 
was  allowed  to  pass.  Then  we  came  to  Schwein- 
furt,  where  Dr.  George  Rebart  invited  me,  and  he 
gave  us  wine  in  the  boat:  they  let  me  also  pass 
free.  10  pf.  for  a  roast  fowl,  18  pf.  in  the  kitchen 
and  to  the  boy.  Then  we  travelled  to  Volkach  and 
I  showed  my  pass,  and  we  went  on  and  came  to 
Schwarzach,  and  there  we  stopped  the  night  and 
spent  2  2  pf.,  and  on  Monday  we  were  up  early 
and  went  toward  Tettelbach  and  came  to  Kit- 
zingen,  and  I  showed  my  letter,  and  they  let  me 
go  on,  and  I  spent  ^7  pf.  After  that  we  went  past 
Sulzfeld  to  Marktbreit,  and  I  showed  my  letter  and 
they  let  me  through,  and  we  travelled  by  Frick- 
enhausen  to  Ochsenfurth,where  I  showed  my  pass 
and  they  let  me  go  free;  and  we  came  to  Eibel- 
stadt,and  from  that  to  Haidingsfeldt,and  thence 
to  Wurzburg;  there  I  showed  my  pass  and  they 
let  me  go  free.  Thence  we  journeyed  to  Erla- 
brunn  and  stopped  the  night  there,  and  I  spent 
22  pf.  From  that  we  journeyed  on  past  Retz- 
bach  and  Zellingen  and  came  to  Karlstadt;  here 
32 


I  showed  my  pass  and  they  let  me  go  on.  Thence 
I  travelled  to  Gmunden,  and  there  we  break- 
fasted and  spent  ii  pf.  I  also  showed  my  pass, 
and  they  let  me  go  free.  We  travelled  thence  to 
Hofstetten;  I  showed  my  pass,  and  they  let  me 
through.  We  came  next  to  Lohr,  where  I  showed 
my  pass  and  passed  on ;  from  there  we  came  to 
Neustadt  and  showed  our  letter,  and  they  let  us 
travel  on;  also  I  paid  lo  pf.  for  wine  and  crabs. 
From  there  we  came  to  Rothenfels,  and  I  showed 
my  pass,  and  they  let  me  go  free,  and  we  stayed 
there  for  a  night,  and  spent  20  pf.;  and  on 
Wednesday  early  we  started  and  passed  by  St. 
Eucharius  and  came  to  Heidenfeld,  and  thence  to 
Triefenstein;  from  there  we  came  to  Homburg, 
where  I  showed  my  pass  and  they  let  me  through ; 
from  there  we  came  to  Wertheim,  and  I  showed 
my  letter,  and  they  let  me  go  free,  and  I  spent 
57  pf.  From  there  we  went  to  Prozelten ;  here  I 
showed  my  pass,  and  they  let  me  through.  Next 
we  went  on  past  Freudenberg,  where  I  showed 
my  letter  once  more,  and  they  let  me  through ; 
from  there  we  came  to  Miltenberg  and  stayed 
there  over  night,  and  I  also  showed  my  pass  and 
they  let  me  go,  and  I  spent  61  pf.;  from  there  we 
came  to  Klingenberg.  I  showed  my  pass  and 
they  let  me  through ;  and  we  came  to  Worth  and 
from  there  passed  Obernburg  to  AschafFenburg; 
here  I  presented  my  pass  and  they  let  me  through, 
and  I  spent  51  pf.;  from  there  we  journeyed  on 

53 


Journey 
in  the 
Nether- 
lands 


Journey  to  Selgenstadt;  from  there  to  Steinheim,  where  I 

in  the      showed  my  letter  and  they  let  me  go  on,  and  we 

Nether-  stayed  with  Johannes  for  the  night,  who  showed 

lands        us  the  town  and  was  very  friendly  to  us ;  there  I 

spent  i6  pf.,  and  so  early  on  Friday  morning  we 

travelled  to  Kesselstadt,  where  I  showed  my  pass 

and  they  let  me  go  on;  from  there  we  came  to 

Frankfurt,  and  I  showed  my  pass  again,  and  they 

let  me  through,  and  I  spent  6  white  pf.  and  one 

thaler  and  a  half,  and  I  gave  the  boy  2  white 

pf.  Herr  Jacob  Heller  gave  me  some  wine  at  the 

inn. 

I  bargained  to  be  taken  with  my  goods  from 
Frankfurt  to  Mainz  for  i  florin  and  2  white  pf.,and 
I  also  gave  the  lad  5  Frankfurt  thaler,  and  for  the 
night  we  spent  8  white  pf  On  Sunday  I  travelled 
by  the  early  boat  from  Frankfurt  to  Mainz,  and 
midway  there  we  came  to  Hochst,  where  I  showed 
my  pass  and  they  let  me  go  on;  I  spent  8  Frank- 
furt pf.  there.  From  there  we  journeyed  to  Mainz; 
I  have  also  paid  i  white  pf.  for  landing  my  things, 
besides  14  Frankfurt  thaler  to  the  boatmen  and 
18  pf.  for  a  girdle;  and  I  took  passage  in  the  Co- 
logne boat  for  myself  and  my  things  for  3  flor- 
ins, and  at  Mainz  also  I  spent  17  white  pf.  Peter 
Goldschmidt,  the  warden  there,  gave  me  two 
bottles  of  wine.  Veit  Varnbiiler  invited  me,  but 
his  host  would  take  no  payment  from  him,  in- 
sisting on  being  my  host  himself;  they  showed 
me  much  honour. 
34 


So  I  started  from  Mainz,  where  the  Main  flows  Journey 
into  the  Rhine,  and  it  was  the  Monday  after  Mary  in  the 
Magdalen's  Day,  and  I  paid  lo  thaler  for  meat  Nether- 
and  bread,  and  for  eggs  and  pears  9  thaler.  Here,  I^nds 
too,  Leonhard  Goldschmidt  gave  me  wine  and 
fowls  in  the  boat  to  cook  on  the  way  to  Cologne. 
Master  Jobst's  brother  likewise  gave  me  a  bottle 
of  wine,  and  the  painters  gave  me  two  bottles  of 
wine  in  the  boat.  From  there  we  came  to  Elfeld, 
where  I  showed  my  letter  and  they  took  no  toll ; 
from  there  we  came  to  Rudesheim  and  I  gave 
2  white  pf.  for  loading  the  boat;  then  we  came  to 
Ehrenfels,  and  there  I  showed  my  letter,  but  I 
had  to  give  two  gold  florins ;  if,  however,  I  were 
to  bring  them  a  free  pass  within  two  months,  the 
customs  officer  would  give  me  back  the  2  gold 
florins.  From  there  we  came  to  Bacharach,  and 
there  I  had  to  promise  in  writing  that  I  would 
either  bring  them  a  free  pass  in  two  months,  or 
pay  the  toll;  from  there  we  came  to  Caub,  and 
there  again  I  showed  my  pass,  but  it  would  carry 
me  no  further,  and  I  had  to  promise  in  writing  as 
before;  there  I  spent  11  thaler.  Next  we  came  to 
St.  Goar,  and  here  I  showed  my  pass,  and  the 
customs  officer  asked  me  how  they  had  treated 
me  elsewhere,  so  I  said  I  would  pay  him  nothing; 
I  gave  2  white  pf.  to  the  messenger.  From  there 
we  came  to  Boppard,  and  I  showed  my  pass  to 
the  Trier  custom-house  officer,  and  they  let  me 
go  through,  only  I  had  to  certify  in  writing  under 

3^ 


Journey  my  seal  that  I  carried  no  common  merchan- 
in  the  dise,  and  then  the  man  let  me  go  willingly. 
Nether-  From  there  we  came  to  Lahnstein,  and  I  showed 
lands  my  pass,  and  the  customs  officer  let  me  go 
through,  but  he  asked  me  that  I  should  speak  for 
him  to  my  most  gracious  Lord  of  Mainz,  and  he 
gave  me  a  can  of  wine,  too,  for  he  knew  my  wife 
well  and  he  was  glad  to  see  me.  From  there  we 
came  to  Engers,  which  is  in  the  Trier  territory; 
I  presented  my  pass  and  they  let  me  go  through ; 
I  said,  too,  that  I  would  mention  it  to  my  Lord  of 
Bamberg.  From  there  we  came  to  Andernach,  and 
I  showed  my  pass,  and  they  let  me  go  through; 
and  I  spent  there  /thaler  and  4  thaler  more;  then 
on  St.  James's  Day  early  I  travelled  from  Ander- 
nach to  Linz;  from  there  we  went  to  the  custom 
house  at  Bonn,  and  there  again  they  let  me  go 
through ;  from  there  we  came  to  Cologne,  and  in 
the  boat  I  spent  9  white  pf.  and  i  more,  and  4  pf. 
for  fruit.  At  Cologne  I  spent  7  white  pf.  for  un- 
loading, to  the  boatmen  14  thaler,  and  to  Nicolas, 
my  cousin,  I  made  a  present  of  my  black  fur-lined 
coat  edged  with  velvet,  and  to  his  wife  I  gave  a 
florin;  also  at  Cologne  Fugger  gave  me  wine; 
Johann  Grosserpecker  also  gave  me  wine,  and 
my  cousin  Nicolas  gave  me  wine.  They  gave 
us  also  a  collation  at  the  Barefoot  Convent,  and 
one  of  the  monks  gave  me  a  handkerchief;  more- 
over, Herr  Johann  Grosserpecker  has  given  me 
12  measures  of  the  best  wine,  and  I  paid  2  white 
36 


pf.  and  8  thaler  to  the  boy;  I  have  spent  besides  Journey 
at  Cologne  2  florins  and  14  white  pf.and  10  white  i^i  the 
pf.  for  packing,  and  3  pf.  for  fruit;  further,  I  gave  A^ether- 
I  pf.  at  leaving,  and  i  white  pf.  to  the  messenger.  '^"^^ 

From  there  we  journeyed  on  St.  Pantaleon's 
Day  from  Cologne  to  a  village  called  Biisdorf. 
We  lay  there  over  night,  and  spent  3  white  pf.; 
and  early  on  Sunday,  we  travelled  to  Rodingen, 
where  we  had  breakfast  and  spent  2  white  pf. 
and  3  pf.  more,  and  again  3  pf.  Thence  we  came 
to  Frei-Aldenhoven,  where  we  lay  the  night,  and 
spent  3  white  pf. ;  thence  we  travelled  early  on 
Monday  to  Frelenberg,  and  passed  the  little  town 
of  Gangelt,  breakfasting  at  a  village  called  Siis- 
terseel,  and  spent  2  white  pf.  2  thaler,  further  i 
white  pf.,  and  again  2  white  pf.  From  there  we 
journeyed  to  Sittard,  a  pretty  little  town,  and  from 
there  to  Stocken,  which  belongs  to  Liege;  where 
we  had  a  fine  inn  and  stayed  there  over  night,  and 
spent  4  white  pf.  And  when  we  had  crossed  over 
the  Maas  we  started  off  early  on  Tuesday  morn- 
ing and  came  to  Merten  Lewbehen  [sic] :  there 
we  had  breakfast  and  spent  2  stivers  and  gave  a 
white  pf.  for  a  young  fowl.  From  there  we  trav- 
elled across  the  heath  and  came  to  Stosser,  where 
we  spent  2  stivers,  and  lay  there  the  night;  from 
thence  on  Wednesday  morning  early  we  trav- 
elled to  West-Meerbeck,  where  I  paid  3  stivers 
for  bread  and  wine;  and  we  went  on  as  far  as 
Branthoek,  where  we  had  breakfast  and  spent 

57 


Journey  i  stiver;  from  there  we  travelled  to  Uylenberg, 
in  the  where  we  stayed  the  night  and  spent  3  stivers, 
Nether-  2  pf.;  from  there  we  travelled  on  Thursday  early 
lands  ^Q  Qp  |-gj^  Kouys,  where  we  breakfasted  and  spent 
2  stivers ;  thence  we  came  to  Antwerp. 

There  I  sent  to  Jobst  Planckfelt's  inn,  and  the 
same  evening  the  Fugger's  facflor,  by  name  Bern- 
hard  Stecher,  invited  me  and  gave  us  a  costly 
meal  ^  my  wife  dined  at  the  inn.  I  paid  the  driver 
for  bringing  us  three,  3  florins  in  gold,  and  2  sti- 
vers—for carrying  the  goods. 

On  Saturday  after  the  Feast  of  St.  Peter  in  Chains, 
my  host  took  me  to  see  the  burgomaster's  house 
at  Antwerp,  which  is  newly  built  and  large  be- 
yond measure,  very  well  arranged  with  extraor- 
dinarily beautiful  large  rooms;  a  tower,  splen- 
didly ornamented;  a  very  large  garden;  in  short, 
such  a  noble  house  as  I  have  never  seen  in  all 
German  lands.  A  very  long  new  street  has  been 
built  in  his  honour,  and  with  his  assistance,  lead- 
ing up  to  the  house  on  both  sides.  I  gave  3  stivers 
to  the  messenger,  and  2  pf.  for  bread  and  2  pf. 
for  ink;  and  on  Sunday,  which  was  St.  Oswald's 
Day,  the  Painters  invited  me  to  their  hall  with  my 
wife  and  maid,  where  everything  was  of  silver, 
and  they  had  other  costly  ornaments  and  very 
costly  meats;  and  all  their  wives  were  there  too; 
and  as  I  was  being  led  to  the  table,  everyone  on 
both  sides  stood  up  as  if  they  were  leading  some 
great  lord.  There  were  among  them  men  of  high 
38 


position,  who  all  showed  me  the  greatest  respecfl  Journey 
and  bowed  low  to  me,  and  said  they  would  do   in  the 
everything  in  their  power  to  serve  and  please  Nether- 
me.  And  as  I  sat  there  in  honour,  there  came  l^rids 
the  messenger  of  the  Town  Council  of  Antwerp 
with  two  servants  and  presented  to  me  four  cans 
of  wine  from  the  Magistrates  of  Antwerp,  who 
told  him  to  say  that  they  wished  thereby  to 
show  their  respecft  for  me  and  to  assure  me  of 
their  good-will;  wherefore  I  returned  them  my 
humble  thanks  and  offered  my  humble  services. 
Thereupon  came  Master  Peter,  the  town  car- 
penter, and  gave  me  two  cans  of  wine  with  offer 
of  his  willing  service;  so  when  we  had  spent  a 
long  time  together  merrily,  till  late  into  the  night, 
they  accompanied  us  home  with  lanterns  in  great 
honour.  They  begged  me  to  be  assured  of  their 
good-will,  and  promised  that  in  whatever  I  did 
they  would  help  me  in  every  way;  so  I  thanked 
them,  and  laid  down  to  sleep. 

Also  I  have  been  in  Master  Quentin's  house, 
and  I  have  been  in  all  the  three  great  shooting 
places.  I  had  a  very  splendid  dinner  at  Staiber's. 
Another  time  at  the  Portuguese  facftor's,  whose 
portrait  I  have  drawn  in  charcoal;  I  have  made  a 
portrait  of  my  host  as  well;  Jobst  Plankfelt  gave 
me  a  branch  of  white  coral;  paid  2  stivers  for 
butter  and  2  stivers  to  the  joiner  at  the  Painters' 
armoury. 

Also  my  host  took  me  to  the  Painters' workshop 

3>^ 


Journey  in  the  armoury  at  Antwerp,  where  they  are  mak- 

in  the     ing  the  triumphal  arches  through  which  King 

Nether-  Charles  is  to  make  his  entry.  It  is  400  bows  in 

lands       length  and  each  arch  is  40  feet  wide;  they  are  to 

be  set  up  on  both  sides  of  the  streets,  beautifully 

arranged  and  two  stories  high,  and  on  them  they 

are  to  acft  the  plays ;  and  this  costs  to  make,  4000 

florins  for  the  joiners  and  painters,  and  the  whole 

work  is  very  magnificently  done. 

I  have  dined  again  with  the  Portuguese  fadlor, 
and  once  with  Alexander  Imhof.  Sebald  Fischer 
bought  of  me  at  Antwerp  sixteen  "Small  Pas- 
sions "  for  4  florins,  thirty-two  of  the  large  books 
for  8  florins,  also  six  engraved  "Passions"  for  3 
florins,  also  twenty  half-sheets  of  all  kinds  taken 
together  at  i  florin  to  the  value  of  3  florins,  and 
again  5 1-4  florins'  worth  of  quarter-sheets,—  forty- 
five  of  all  kinds  at  i  florin,  and  eight  miscellane- 
ous leaves  at  i  florin;  it  is  paid. 

To  my  host  I  have  sold  a  "Madonna"  picflure, 
painted  on  small  canvas,  for  2  florins  Rhenish.  I 
took  once  more  the  portrait  of  Felix  the  lute 
player,  i  stiver  for  pears  and  bread ;  2  stivers  to 
the  surgeon-barber;  besides  I  have  given  14  sti- 
vers for  three  small  panels,  besides  4  stivers  for 
laying  in  the  white  and  preparing  them.  I  have 
dined  onc«  with  Alexander  the  goldsmith,  and 
once  with  Felix  Hungersberg;  once  Master  Joa- 
chim has  eaten  with  me,  and  his  partner  also 
once. 

40 


I  have  made  a  drawing   in  half  colours  for  Journey 
the  Painters.  I  have  taken  i  florin  for  expenses,  in  the 
I  made  Peter  Wolffgang  a  present  of  four  new  Nether- 
little  pieces.  Master  Joachim's  partner  has  again  l^nds 
dined  with  me.  I  gave  Master  Joachim  i   flor- 
in's worth  of  prints  for  lending  me  his  appren- 
tice and  colours,  and  I  gave  his  apprentice  3 
crowns'  worth  of  prints.  I  have  sent  the  four  new 
pieces  to  Alexander,  the  goldsmith.  I  made  char- 
coal portraits  of  these  Genoese  by  name:  Toma- 
sin  Florianus  Romanus,  native  of  Lucca,  and  his 
two  brothers,  named  Vincentius  and  Gerhard, 
all  three  Bombelli.  I  have  dined  with  Tomasin  so 
often  1 1 1 1  1 1 1  1 1 1 1 1 .  The  treasurer  also  gave  me 
a  "Child's  Head"  on  linen  and  a  weapon  from 
Calicut,  and  one  of  the  light  wood  reeds.  Toma- 
sin Imhof  has  also  given  me  a  plaited  hat  of 
elder  pith. 

I  dined  once  more  with  the  Portuguese;  I  also 
gave  one  of  Tomasin's  brothers  3  florins'  worth 
of  engravings.  Herr  Erasmus  has  given  me  a 
small  Spanish  mantilla  and  three  portraits  of  men. 
Tomasin's  brother  gave  me  a  pair  of  gloves  for 
3  florins'  worth  of  engravings.  I  have  once  more 
made  the  portrait  of  Tomasin's  brother  Vincen- 
tius; and  I  gave  Master  Augustus  Lombard  two 
of  the  Imagines.  Moreover,  I  made  a  portrait  of 
the  crooked-nosed  Italian  named  Opitius.  Also 
my  wife  and  maid  dined  one  day  at  Herr  To- 
masin's ;  that  makes  four  meals. 

41 


Journey    Our  Lady's   Church   at  Antwerp   is   so  vast 

in  the      that  many  masses  may  be  sung  there  at  one 

Nether-  time  without  interfering  one  with  another.  The 

lands       altars  are  richly  endowed;  the  best  musicians 

that  can  be  had  are  employed ;  the  Church  has 

many  devout  services  and  much  stonework,  and 

in  particular  a  beautiful  tower.  I  also  visited  the 

rich  Abbey  of  St.  Michael,  where  are  the  finest 

galleries  of  stonework  that  I  have  ever  seen,  and 

a  rich  throne  in  the  choir.  But  at  Antwerp  they 

spare  no  cost  in  such  things,  for  they  have  plenty 

of  money. 

I  have  made  a  portrait  of  Herr  Nicolas,  an  as- 
tronomer who  lives  with  the  King  of  England, 
and  is  very  helpful  and  of  great  service  to  me 
in  many  matters.  He  is  a  German,  a  native  of 
Munich.  Also  I  have  made  the  portrait  of  Toma- 
sin's  daughter.  Maid  Zutta  by  name.  Hans  Pfaff- 
roth  gave  me  a  Philip's  florin  for  taking  his  por- 
trait in  charcoal.  I  have  dined  once  more  with 
Tomasin.  My  host's  brother-in-law  entertained 
me  and  my  wife  once.  I  changed  2  light  florins 
for  24  stivers  for  living  expenses;  and  I  gave  i  sti- 
ver for  a  tip  to  a  man  who  let  me  see  an  altar- 
piece. 

The  Sunday  after  the  Feast  of  the  Assumption 
I  saw  the  great  procession  of  Our  Lady's  Church 
at  Antwerp,  where  all  the  whole  town  was  gath- 
ered together,  with  all  the  trades  and  professions, 
and  each  was  dressed  in  his  best  according  to  his 
42 


rank;  every  guild  and  profession  had  its  sign  by  Journey 
which  it  might  be  recognized.  Between  the  com-  i"  the 
panies  were  carried  great  costly  gold  pole-can-  ^^ether- 
dlesticks  and  their  long  old  Prankish  silver  trum-  *^^*^^ 
pets ;  and  there  were  many  pipers  and  drummers 
in  the  German  fashion ;  all  were  loudly  and  noisily 
blown  and  beaten.  I  saw  the  procession  pass 
along  the  street,  spread  far  apart  so  that  they 
took  up  much  space  crossways,  but  close  behind 
one  another:  goldsmiths,  painters,  stonecutters, 
broiderers,  sculptors,  joiners,  carpenters,  sailors, 
fishermen,  butchers,  leather  workers,  cloth  mak- 
ers, bakers,  tailors,  shoemakers,  and  all  kinds  of 
craftsmen  and  workmen  who  work  for  their  live- 
lihood. There  were  likewise  shop-keepers  and 
merchants  with  their  assistants  of  all  sorts.  After 
them  came  the  marksmen  with  their  guns,  bows, 
and  cross-bows;  then  the  horsemen  and  foot  sol- 
diers; then  came  a  large  company  of  the  town 
guard;  then  a  fine  troop  of  very  gallant  men, 
nobly  and  splendidly  costumed.  Before  them, 
however,  went  all  the  religious  orders  and  the 
members  of  some  foundations,  very  devoutly, 
in  their  respecftive  groups.  There  was,  too,  in  this 
procession,  a  great  troop  of  widows,  who  sup- 
port themselves  by  their  own  labour  and  ob- 
serve special  rules,  all  dressed  from  head  to  foot 
in  white  linen  robes  made  expressly  for  the  oc- 
casion, very  sorrowful  to  behold.  Among  them 
I  saw  some  very  stately  persons,  the  Canons  of 

43 


in  the 
Nether- 
lands 


Journey  Our  Lady's  Church  with  all  their  clergy,  schol- 
ars, and  treasures.  Twenty  persons  bore  the  im- 
age of  the  Virgin  Mary  and  of  the  Lord  Jesus, 
adorned  in  the  richest  manner,  to  the  honour  of 
the  Lord  God.  The  procession  included  many  de- 
lightful things  splendidly  got  up,  for  example, 
many  wagons  were  drawn  along  with  stagings 
of  ships  and  other  construcftions.  Then  there  came 
the  company  of  the  Prophets  in  their  order,  and 
scenes  from  the  New  Testament,  such  as  the  An- 
nunciation, the  Three  Magi  riding  great  camels, 
and  other  strange  beasts,  very  skilfully  arranged, 
and  also  how  Our  Lady  fled  into  Egypt— very 
conducive  to  devotion  — and  many  other  things 
which  for  shortness  I  must  leave  out.  Last  of  all 
came  a  great  dragon,  which  St.  Margaret  and  her 
maidens  led  by  a  girdle;  she  was  extraordinarily 
beautiful.  Behind  her  followed  a  St.  George  with 
his  squire,  a  very  fine  cuirassier.  There  also  rode 
in  the  procession  many  pretty  and  richly  dressed 
boys  and  girls  in  the  costumes  of  many  lands 
representing  various  saints.  This  procession  from 
beginning  to  end,  where  it  passed  our  house, 
lasted  more  than  two  hours ;  there  were  so  many 
things  there  that  I  could  not  write  them  in  a 
book,  so  I  let  it  alone. 

I  visited  Fugger's  house  in  Antwerp,  which  is 

newly  built,  with  a  wonderful  tower,  broad  and 

high,  and  with  a  beautiful  garden,  and  I  also  saw 

his  fine  stallions.  Tomasin  has  given  my  wife 

44 


fourteen  ells  of  good  thick  arras  for  a  mantle  Journey 
and  three  and  a  half  ells  of  half  satin  to  line  it.  I  in  the 
drew  a  design  for  a  lady's  forehead  band  for  the  Nether- 
goldsmith.  The  Portuguese  fadlor  has  given  me  I^nds 
a  present  of  wine  in  the  inn,  both  Portuguese 
and  French.  Signor  Rodrigo  of  Portugal  has  given 
me  a  small  cask  full  of  all  sorts  of  sweetmeats, 
amongst  them  a  box  of  sugar  candy,  besides  two 
large  dishes  of  barley  sugar,  marchpane,  many 
other  kinds  of  sugar-work,  and  some  sugar-canes 
just  as  they  grow;  I  gave  his  servant  in  return 
I  florin  as  a  tip.  I  have  again  changed  for  my 
expenses  a  light  florin  for  12  stivers. 

The  pillars  in  the  Convent  of  St.  Michael  of  Ant- 
werp are  all  made  out  of  single  blocks  of  a  beauti- 
ful black  touchstone.  Herr  Agidius,  King  Charles's 
warden,  has  taken  for  me  from  Antwerp  the  "  St. 
Jerome  in  the  Cell,"  the  "  Melancholy,"  and  three 
new  "Marys,"  the  "Anthony"  and  the  "Ve- 
ronica" for  the  good  sculptor,  Master  Conrad, 
whose  like  I  have  not  seen;  he  serves  Lady 
Margaret,  the  Emperor's  daughter.  Also  I  gave 
Master  Agidius  a  "Eustace"  and  a  "Nemesis."  I 
owe  my  host  7  florins,  20  stivers,  i  thaler —that  is, 
on  Sunday  before  St.  Bartholomew :  for  sitting- 
room,  bedroom,  and  bedding  I  am  to  pay  him  11 
florins  a  month.  I  came  to  a  new  agreement  with 
my  host  on  the  20th  August— on  the  Monday 
before  St.  Bartholomew's  —  I  am  to  eat  with  him 
and  pay  2  stivers  for  the  meal,  and  extra  for  drink, 

4J 


Journey  but  my  wife  and  the  maid  can  cook  and  eat  up 

in  the      here. 

Nether-     I  gave  the  Portuguese  facftor  a  statuette  of  a 

lands  child;  besides  that,  I  gave  him  an  "Adam  and 
Eve,"  a  "  Jerome  in  his  Cell,"  a  "  Hercules,"  a  "  Eus- 
tace," a  "  Melancholy,"  and  a  "  Nemesis ; "  then  of 
the  half-sheets,  three  new"Virgins,"  the  "Veron- 
ica," the  "Anthony,"  "The  Nativity,"  and  "The 
Crucifixion,"  also  the  best  of  the  quarter-sheets, 
eight  pieces,  and  then  the  three  books  of  the  "  Life 
oftheVirgin,""TheApocalypse,"and  the  "Great 
Passion,"  also  the  "Little  Passion"  and  the  "Pas- 
sion" on  copper,  all  together,^  florins' worth.  The 
same  quantity  I  gave  to  Signor  Rodrigo,  the  other 
Portuguese.  Rodrigo  has  given  my  wife  a  small 
green  parrot. 


VISIT  TO  BRUSSELS 

ON  the  Sunday  after  St.  Bartholomew's,  I 
travelled  with  Herr  Tomasin  from  Ant- 
werp to  Mechlin,  where  we  lay  for  the 
night ;  there  I  invited  Master  Conrad  and  a  painter 
with  him  to  supper,  and  this  Master  Conrad  is  the 
good  carver  in  Lady  Margaret's  service.  From 
Mechlin  we  travelled  through  the  small  town  of 
Vil  vorde  and  came  to  Brussels  on  Monday  at  mid- 
day;  I  gave  the  messenger  3  stivers ;  I  dined  with 
my  lords  at  Brussels;  also  once  with  Herr  Bannisis, 
46 


and  I  gave  him  a  "  Passion"  on  copper.  I  gave  the  Journey 
Margrave  Hansen  of  Brussels  the  letter  of  recom-   in  the 
mendation  which  my  lord  of  Bamberg  wrote  Nether- 
for  me,  and  I  made  him  a  present  of  a  "Passion"  lands 
engraved  on  copper  for  a  remembrance.  I  have 
also  dined  once  more  with  my  lords  of  Nurem- 
berg. I  saw  in  the  town  hall  at  Brussels,  in  the 
golden  chamber,  four  paintings  which  the  great 
Master  Rogier  did;  and  behind  the  King's  palace 
in  Brussels,  the  fountains,  labyrinth,  zoological 
garden.  Anything  more  beautiful  and  pleasing 
to  me,  more  like  a  paradise,  I  have  never  seen. 
Erasmus  is  the  name  of  the  little  man  who  wrote 
out  my  supplication  at  Jacob  Bannisis'  house. 

At  Brussels  there  is  a  very  splendid  town  hall, 
large  and  covered  with  beautiful  stonework,  with 
a  noble  open  tower.  I  have  made  a  portrait  of 
Master  Conrad  of  Brussels  by  candle-light;  he  is 
my  host.  At  the  same  time  I  drew  Dodlor  Lam- 
parter's  son  in  charcoal,  and  also  the  hostess.  Also 
I  have  seen  the  things  which  they  have  brought 
to  the  King  out  of  the  new  land  of  gold:  a  sun 
all  of  gold,  a  whole  fathom  broad,  and  a  moon, 
too,  of  silver,  of  the  same  size,  also  two  rooms 
full  of  armour,  and  the  people  there  with  all 
manner  of  wondrous  weapons,  harness,  darts, 
wonderful  shields,  extraordinary  clothing,  beds, 
and  all  kinds  of  wonderful  things  for  human  use, 
much  finer  to  look  at  than  prodigies.  These 
things  are  all  so  precious  that  they  are  valued 

47 


Journey  at  100,000  gulden,  and  all  the  days  of  my  life 
in  the      I  have  seen  nothing  that  reaches  my  heart  so 
Nether-  much  as  these,  for  among  them  I  have  seen  won- 
lands       derfully  artistic  things  and  have  admired  the  sub- 
tle ingenuity  of  men  in  foreign  lands;  indeed,  I 
don't  know  how  to  express  what  I  there  found. 
I  also  saw  many  other  beautiful  things  at  Brus- 
sels, and  especially  a  great  fish  bone  there,  as  vast 
as  if  it  had  been  built  up  of  square  stones ;  it  was 
a  fathom  long,  very  thick,  weighs  up  to  i  cwt. 
(15  centner),  and  it  has  the  form  as  is  here  drawn; 
it  stood  behind  on  the  fish's  head. 

I  have  also  been  in  the  Lord  of  Nassau's  house, 
which  is  so  magnificently  built  and  so  beauti- 
fully decorated,  I  have  again  dined  twice  with  my 
lords.  Lady  Margaret  sent  after  me  to  Brussels 
and  promised  that  she  would  speak  in  my  behalf 
to  King  Charles,  and  has  shown  herself  quite  ex- 
ceptionally kind  to  me;  I  sent  her  my  engraved 
"Passion"  and  such  another  to  her  treasurer,  Jan 
Marnix  by  name,  and  I  made  his  portrait  in  char- 
coal. I  paid  2  stivers  for  a  buffalo  ring,  and  also 
2  stivers  for  opening  St.  Luke's  picflure. 

When  I  was  in  Herr  von  Nassau's  house  I  saw 
in  the  chapel  the  fine  painting  that  Master  Hugo 
has  made,  and  I  also  saw  two  large  beautiful 
halls,  and  all  the  treasures  in  various  parts  of 
the  house,  and  the  large  bed  in  which  fifty  men 
can  lie.  And  I  also  saw  the  great  stone  which 
the  storm  cast  down  in  the  field  close  to  Herr  von 
48 


Nassau.  This  house  lies  high,  and  there  is  a  most  Journey 
beautiful  view  at  which  one  cannot  but  won-  in  the 
der.  And  I  think  that  in  all  German  lands  there  Nether- 
is  not  the  like  of  it.  '^"^^ 

Master  Bernhard,  the  painter,  invited  me  to  din- 
ner, and  had  prepared  a  meal  so  costly  that  I  do 
not  think  lo  florins  will  pay  for  it.  Three  friends 
invited  themselves  to  it  to  give  me  good  com- 
pany, to  wit.  Lady  Margaret's  treasurer,  whose 
portrait  I  made,  and  the  King's  steward,  de  Me- 
tenye,  and  the  town  treasurer.  Van  Busleyden ;  I 
gave  him  a  "Passion"  engraved  on  copper,  and 
he  gave  me  in  return  a  black  Spanish  bag  worth 
3  florins.  And  I  also  gave  a  "Passion  "engraved  on 
copper  to  Erasmus  of  Rotterdam;  likewise  one 
to  Erasmus,  the  secretary  of  Bannisis.  The  man 
at  Antwerp  who  gave  me  the  "  Child's  Head  "  is 
called  Lorenz  Sterk.  I  took  the  portrait  in  char- 
coal of  Master  Bernhard,  Lady  Margaret's  painter. 
I  have  taken  Erasmus  of  Rotterdam's  portrait 
once  more.  I  gave  Lorenz  Sterk  a  sitting  "St. 
Jerome"  and  the  "Melancholy,"  and  I  made  a 
portrait  of  my  hostess's  godmother.  Six  people 
whose  portraits  I  painted  at  Brussels  gave  me 
nothing.  I  paid  3  stivers  for  two  buffalo  horns  and 
I  stiver  for  two  Eulenspiegels. 

So  then  on  the  Sunday  after  St.  Giles',  I  trav- 
elled with  Herr  Tomasin  to  Mechlin  and  took 
leave  of  Herr  Hans  Ebner,  and  he  would  take 
nothing  for  my  expenses  while  I  was  with  him 

49 


lands 


Journey  seven  days;  I  paid  i  stiver  on  behalf  of  Hans 
in  the  Geuder;  I  gave  i  stiver  as  a  tip  to  the  host's 
Nether-  servant;  and  at  Mechlin  I  took  supper  with  the 
LadyNieuwekerke;  and  early  on  Monday  I  trav- 
elled from  Mechlin  to  Antwerp. 


AT  ANTWERP 

September  3  to  Ocftober  4,  1520 

I  BREAKFASTED  with  the  Portuguese  facftor, 
who  gave  me  three  porcelain  dishes,  and  Rod- 
rigo  gave  me  some  Calicut  feathers.  I  spent  i 
florin  and  paid  my  messenger  2  stivers.  I  bought 
Susanna  a  mantle  for  2  florins,  10  stivers.  My  wife 
paid  4  florins  Rhenish  for  a  washtub,  a  bellows,  a 
basin,  a  pair  of  slippers,  wood  for  cooking,  stock- 
ings, a  cage  for  the  parrot,  2  jugs,  and  for  tips;  she 
spent,  moreover,  for  eating,  drinking,  and  various 
necessaries,  21  stivers. 

Now  on  Monday  after  St.  Giles'  I  am  back 
again  at  Jobst  Planckfelter's,  and  have  dined 
with  him  as  many  times  as  are  drawn  here  — 
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1  1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1.  I  gave  Nicolas,  Tomasin's  man, 
I  stiver;  I  paid  5  stivers  for  the  little  frame,  and 
I  stiver  more.  My  host  gave  me  an  Indian  cocoa- 
nut  and  an  old  Turkish  whip;  then  I  have  dined 
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1  more  with  Tomasin.  The  two  lords  of 
Rogendorf  have  invited  me;  I  have  dined  once 
with  them  and  made  a  large  drawing  of  their  coat 
^o 


of  arms  on  wood,  for  engraving.  I  gave  away  Journey 
I  stiver;  my  wife  changed  a  florin  for  24  stivers;  in  the 
I  gave  2  stivers  as  a  tip.  I  have  dined  once  in  Nether- 
Focker's  house  with  the  young  Jacob  Rehlinger,  l^nds 
and  I  have  also  dined  once  more  with  him.  My 
wife  has  changed  a  florin  for  24  stivers  for  ex- 
penses. I  gave  toWilhelm  Hauenhut,  the  servant 
of  my  lord  Duke  Frederick,  the  Platzgraf,  an  en- 
graved "Jerome,"  and  the  two  new  half-sheets, 
the  "  Mary  "  and  the  "  Anthony."  I  gave  Herr  Jacob 
Bannisis  a  good  painting  of  a  "Veronica"  face, 
a  "Eustace,"  a  "Melancholy,"  and  a  sitting  "Je- 
rome," a  "St.  Anthony,"  the  two  new  "  Marys," 
and  the  new  "Peasants."  And  I  have  given  his 
secretary,  Erasmus,  who  wrote  my  supplication,  a 
sitting  "Jerome,"  a  "Melancholy,"  an  "Anthony," 
the  two  new  "Marys,"  and  the  "Peasants,"  and  I 
have  given  him  also  two  small  "Marys,"  and  all 
together  what  I  have  given  is  worth  7  florins,  and 
I  have  given  Master  Marc,  the  goldsmith,  a  "Pas- 
sion "on  copper,  and  he  gave  me  3  florins  in  pay- 
ment; besides  this  I  have  received  3  florins,  20 
stivers,  for  prints.  To  the  glazier  Honigen,  I  have 
given  four  little  engravings.  I  have  dined  with 
Herr  Bannisis  1 1 1.  I  paid  4  stivers  for  carbon  and 
black  chalk;  I  have  given  i  florin,  8  stivers  for 
wood,  and  spent  3  stivers  more.  I  have  dined  with 
the  lords  of  Nuremberg  1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1.  Master  Dietrich, 
the  glass  painter,  sent  me  the  red  colour  which 
is  found  in  the  new  bricks  at  Antwerp.  I  made 

51 


Journey  a  charcoal  portrait  of  Jacob  von  Lubeck;  he  gave 

in  the      my  wife  a  Philip's  florin.  I  have  again  changed 

Nether-  a  Philip's  florin  for  expenses. 

lands  I  presented  to  Lady  Margaret  a  seated  "  Jerome  " 

engraved  on  copper.  1  sold  a  woodcut  "  Passion  " 
for  12  stivers,  besides  an  "Adam  and  Eve"  for  4 
stivers.  Felix,  the  captain  and  lute-player,  bought 
a  whole  set  of  copper-engravings  and  a  wood- 
cut "Passion"  and  an  engraved  "Passion,"  two 
half-sheets  and  two  quarter-sheets,  for  8  gold 
florins;  so  I  gave  him  another  set  of  engravings. 
I  have  taken  Herr  Bannisis's  portrait  in  charcoal. 
Rodrigo  gave  me  another  parrot,  and  I  gave  his 
boy  2  stivers  for  a  tip.  I  gave  Johann  von  den 
Winckel,  the  trumpeter,  a  small  woodcut  "Pas- 
sion," "  St.  Jerome  in  his  Cell,"  and  a  "  Melancholy." 

1  paid  6  stivers  for  a  pair  of  gloves.  I  paid  3  sti- 
vers for  a  bamboo  rod,  and  George  Schlauders- 
bach  gave  me  another  which  cost  6  stivers.  I  have 
dined  once  with  Wolff  Haller,  who  is  employed 
by  the  Fuggers,  when  he  had  invited  my  lords 
of  Nuremberg.  I  have  received  for  works  of  art 

2  Philip's  florins,  6  stivers.  I  have  again  dined  once 
with  my  wife;  I  gave  i  stiver  to  Hans  Denes'  boy 
for  a  tip.  I  have  taken  100  stivers  for  works  of  art. 
I  made  a  charcoal  portrait  of  Master  Jacob,  Lord 
Rogendorf's  painter,  and  I  have  drawn  for  Lord 
Rogendorf  his  arms  on  wood,  for  which  he  gave 
me  seven  ells  of  velvet. 

I  dined  once  more  with  the  Portuguese;  I  took 

J2 


the  portrait  of  Master  John  Prost  of  Bruges,  and  Journey 
he  gave  me  i  florin;  it  was  done  in  charcoal;  23   in  the 
stivers  for  a  fur  coat  of  rabbit-skin.  I  sent  Hans  Nether- 
Schwarz  2  golden  florins  for  my  picfture  in  a  let-  '^"ds 
ter  sent  through  the  Antwerp  Fuggers  to  Augs- 
burg. I  gave  31  stivers  for  a  red  woollen  shirt.  I 
dined  once  more  with  Rogendorf.  I  gave  2  sti- 
vers for  the  colour  which  is  found  in  the  bricks; 
and  I  paid  9  stivers  for  an  ox  horn.  I  made  a  char- 
coal portrait  of  a  Spaniard.  I  have  dined  once  with 
my  wife.  I  gave  2  stivers  for  a  dozen  little  pipes; 
I  gave  3  stivers  for  two  little  maplewood  bowls, 
two  such  Felix  gave  miy  wife,  and  Master  Jacob, 
the  painter  from  Lubeck,  has  given  my  wife 
another;  dined  once  with  Rogendorf. 

I  paid  I  stiver  for  the  printed  "Entry  into  Ant- 
werp," showing  how  the  King  was  received  with 
a  splendid  triumph;  the  gates  were  beautifully 
decorated,  and  there  were  plays,  much  rejoicing, 
and  beautiful  maidens  in  tableaux  vivants,  whose 
like  I  have  seldom  seen.  Changed  i  florin  for  ex- 
penses. I  have  seen  the  bones  of  the  great  giant 
at  Antwerp;  his  leg  above  his  knee  is  five  and 
a  half  feet  long,  and  beyond  measure  heavy;  so 
were  his  shoulder  blades  — a  single  one  is  broader 
than  a  strong  man's  back— and  his  other  limbs. 
The  man  was  eighteen  feet  high,  and  reigned  at 
Antwerp  and  did  great  wonders,  as  is  set  out  in 
an  old  book  which  belongs  to  the  town  magis- 
trates. 

53, 


Journey     Raphael  of  Urbino's  efFecfts  have  been  all  dis- 
in  the      persed  after  his  death,  but  one  of  his  disciples, 
Nether-  Tommaso  of  Bologna  by  name,  a  good  painter, 
lands       desired  to  see  me,  so  he  came  to  me  and  gave 
me  a  gold  ring,  an  antique  with  a  well-cut  stone 
worth  3  florins,  but  I  have  been  already  offered 
twice  as  much  for  it;  in  return  I  gave  him  my 
best  engravings,  worth  6  florins.  I  bought  a  piece 
of  calico  for  3  stivers,  I  gave  the  messenger  i  sti- 
ver, and  spent  3  stivers  in  company. 

I  presented  to  Lady  Margaret,  the  Emperor's 
sister,  a  whole  set  of  all  my  works,  and  have 
drawn  her  two  picftures  on  parchment  with  the 
greatest  pains  and  care;  all  this  I  have  put  at  30 
florins,  and  I  have  had  to  draw  the  design  of  the 
house  for  her  physician,  the  docftor,  according  to 
which  he  intends  to  build  one,  and  for  drawing 
that  I  would  not  willingly  take  less  than  10  flor- 
ins. I  have  given  the  servant  i  stiver,  and  I  paid 
I  stiver  for  brick  colour;  I  have  given  Herr  Nic- 
olas Ziegler  a  "Christ  lying  dead,"  worth  3  flor- 
ins. To  the  Portuguese  facflor  I  gave  a  painting 
of  a  "Child's  Head,"  worth  i  florin.  I  have  given 
10  stivers  for  a  buffalo  horn;  I  gave  i  gold  florin 
for  an  elk's  hoof.  I  have  done  Master  Adrian's 
portrait  in  charcoal.  I  gave  2  stivers  for  the  "Con- 
demnation "  and  the  "  Dialogue,"  3  stivers  to  the 
messenger;  to  Master  Adrian  I  have  given  2  flor- 
ins' worth  of  works  of  art;  bought  a  piece  of  red 
chalk  for  i  stiver.  I  have  done  Herr  Wolff  von 


Rogendorf  in  silverpoint.  Gave  away  3  stivers;  Journey 
did  the   portrait  of  a  noble  lady  at  Tomasin's   in  the 
house.  I  have  given  to  Nicolas  a  "Jerome  in  the  Nether- 
Cell,"  and  two  new  "Marys."  On  Monday  after  I^nds 
St.  Michael's  Day,  1^20,  I  gave  to  Tommaso  of 
Bologna  a  whole  set  of  prints  to  send  for  me 
to  Rome  to  another  painter,  who  will  send  me 
Raphael's  work  in  return.  I  dined  once  with  my 
wife;  gave  3  stivers  for  the  little  tracft.  The  Bo- 
lognese  has  painted  my  portrait,  which  he  will 
take  with  him  back  to  Rome.  I  bought  an  elk's 
foot  for  20  stivers,  besides  I  paid  2  gold  florins, 
4  stivers,  for  Herr  Hans  Ebner's  little  panel ;  dined 
out;  changed  a  crown  for  expenses;  dined  out. 
Am  taking  11  florins  for  my  expenses  to  Aachen ; 
have  received  2  florins,  4  stivers,  from  Ebner; 
paid  9  stivers  for  wood;  gave  Meyding  20  stivers 
for  sending  my  box. 

I  have  taken  the  portrait  of  a  lady  of  Bruges, 
who  has  given  me  i  Philip's  florin.  I  gave  away 
3  stivers  as  a  tip ;  paid  2  stivers  for  fir  cones  and 
I  for  stone  colour;  paid  13  stivers  to  the  furrier, 
I  stiver  for  leather ;  bought  two  mussels  for  2  sti- 
vers. In  John  Gabriel's  house  I  have  taken  the 
portrait  of  an  Italian  lord,  who  gave  me  2  gold 
florins.  Bought  a  portmanteau  for  2  florins,  4 
stivers. 


55 


Journey  VISIT  TO  AACHEN 

in  the       ^ ^ 

Nether-  /  \^  Thursday  after  St.  Michael's  Day,  I  jour- 
lands  \  I  neyed  from  Antwerp  to  Aachen,  and  I 
^^ — y  took  I  gulden  and  i  noble  with  me;  and 
after  passing  through  Maestricht  we  came  to 
Gulpen,  and  from  there  to  Aix  on  Sunday;  there 
I  have  spent  up  till  now,  with  the  fare  and  all, 
3  florins.  At  Aachen  I  saw  the  well-proportioned 
pillars  with  their  good  capitals  of  green  and  red 
porphyry  and  granite  which  Carolus  [Charle- 
magne] had  brought  from  Rome  and  set  up 
there.  These  are  made  truly  according  to  Vitru- 
vius's  writings.  At  Aachen  I  bought  an  ox  horn 
for  I  gold  florin.  I  have  taken  the  portraits  of 
Herr  Hans  Ebner  and  George  Schlaudersbach, 
and  Hans  Ebner's  a  second  time.  I  paid  2  stivers 
for  a  fine  whetstone,  also  3  stivers  for  a  bath  and 
drinking  in  company;  changed  1  florin  for  ex- 
penses. I  gave  the  town  servant  who  took  me  up 
into  the  hall  2  white  pf. ;  spent  5  white  pf.  with 
companions,  drinking  and  bathing;  I  have  lost 
7  stivers  at  play  with  Herr  Hans  Ebner  at  the 
Mirror.  I  have  made  a  charcoal  portrait  of  the 
young  Christopher  Groland,  also  of  my  host, 
Peter  von  Enden.  I  spent  3  stivers  in  company, 
and  gave  the  messenger  i  stiver.  I  have  taken 
the  portraits  of  Paul  Topler  and  Martin  Pfinzing 
in  my  sketch-book. 
I  have  seen  the  arm  of  the  Emperor  Henry,  the 

J6 


shirt  and  girdle  of  Our  Lady,  and  other  holy  relics.  Journey 

1  have  sketched  the  Church  of  Our  Lady  with  its  in  the 
surroundings.  I  took  Sturm's  portrait.  Made  the  Nether- 
portrait  in  charcoal  of  Peter  von  Enden's  bro-  lands 
ther-in-Iaw.  Have  given  lo  white  pf.  for  a  large 

ox  horn;  gave  2  white  pf.  for  a  tip,  and  I  have 
changed  i  florin  for  expenses.  I  have  lost  3  white 
pf.  at  play,  also  2  stivers;  gave  2  white  pf.  to  the 
messenger.  I  have  given  Tomasin's  daughter  the 
painted  "Trinity,"  it  is  worth  4  florins;  paid  i 
stiver  for  washing.  I  took  the  portrait  in  char- 
coal of  the  KopiFingrin's  sister  at  Aachen,  and 
another  in  silverpoint.  Spent  3  white  pf.  for  a 
bath;  paid  8  white  pf.  for  a  buffalo  horn;  2  white 
pf.  for  a  girdle;  paid  i  Philip's  florin  for  a  scarlet 
shawl;  6  pf.  for  paper;  changed  i  florin  for  ex- 
penses ;  paid  2  white  pf.  for  washing. 

On  the  23rd  day  of  Ocftober  King  Charles  was 
crowned  at  Aachen ;  there  I  saw  all  manner  of 
lordly  splendour,  the  like  of  which  those  who 
live  in  our  parts  have  never  seen— all,  as  it  has 
been  described.  I  gave  Mathes  works  of  art  worth 

2  florins,  and  I  presented  Stephen,  Lady  Margaret's 
chamberlain,  with  3  prints.  Paid  1  florin,  10  white 
pf.  for  a  cedarwood  rosary;  gave  i  stiver  to  little 
Hans  in  the  stable,  and  i  stiver  to  the  child  in  the 
house;  lost  2K  stivers  at  play;  spent  2  stivers, 
gave  2  stivers  to  the  barber.  I  have  again  changed 
I  florin;  I  gave  away  7  white  pf.  in  the  house  on 
leaving. 

57 


Journey  SECOND  VISIT  TO  COLOGNE 

Nether-     A^^  ^  travelled  from  Aachen  to  jUlich,  and 
lands        A\   thence  to  ...  ;  paid  4  stivers  for  two  eye- 
JL      \.  glasses.  I  played  away  2  stivers  in  an  em- 
bossed silver  medal  of  the  king.  I  have  given  8 
white  pf.  for  two  ox  horns. 

On  the  Friday  before  St.  Simon  and  St.  Jude  I 
left  Aachen  and  travelled  to  Diiren,  where  I  vis- 
ited the  church  where  St.  Anne's  head  is.  Thence 
we  travelled  and  came  on  Sunday,  which  was  St. 
Simon  and  St.  Jude's  Day,  to  Cologne.  I  had  lodg- 
ing, food,  and  drink  at  Brussels  with  my  lords  of 
Nuremberg,  and  they  would  take  nothing  from 
me  for  it,  and  at  Aachen  likewise  I  ate  with  them 
three  weeks  and  they  brought  me  to  Cologne, 
and  would  take  nothing  for  it. 

I  have  bought  a  tracft  of  Luther's  for  5  white  pf., 
besides  i  white  pf.  for  the  "Condemnation  of  Lu- 
ther," the  pious  man,  besides  i  white  pf.  for  a  Pa- 
ternoster, and  2  white  pf.  for  a  girdle,  i  white  pf. 
for  one  pound  of  candles;  changed  i  florin  for  ex- 
penses. I  had  to  give  Herr  Leonhard  Groland  my 
great  ox  horn,  and  to  Hans  Ebner  I  had  to  give  my 
large  rosary  of  cedarwood.  Paid  6  white  pf.  for  a 
pair  of  shoes;  I  gave  2  white  pf.  for  a  little  skull; 
I  white  pf.  I  gave  for  beer  and  bread;  i  white 
pf.  for  a  "pertele"  [?  braid].  I  have  given  4  white 
pf.  to  two  messengers ;  I  have  given  2  white  pf. 
to  Nicolas's  daughter  for  lace,  also  i  white  pf.  to 

J8 


a  messenger.  I  gave  prints  worth  2  florins  to  Herr  Journey 
Ziegler  Linhard;  paid  the  barber  2   white  pf.;  in  the 
paid  3  white  pf.  and  then  2  white  pf.  for  opening  Nether- 
the  picflure  which  Master  Stephan  made  at  Co-  '^nds 
logne ;  I  gave  the  messenger  i  white  pf.,  and  spent 
2  white  pf.  drinking  in  company.  I  made  the  por- 
trait of  Gottschalk's  sister;  I  paid  i  white  pf.  for 
a  little  tracfl.  At  Cologne,  on  Sunday  evening  after 
All  Saints'  Day  in  the  year  ij2o,  I  saw  the  nobles 
dance  and  banquet  in  the  Emperor  Charles's 
dancing  saloon ;  it  was  splendidly  arranged.  I  have 
drawn  for  Staiber  his  coat  of  arms  on  wood.  I 
gave  a  "Melancholy"  to  a  young  count  at  Co- 
logne, and  a  new  "Mary"  to  Duke  Frederick. 
I  have  made  Nicolas  Haller's  portrait  in  char- 
coal; paid  2  white  pf.  to  the  door  porter.  I  have 
given  3  white  pf.for  two  little  tracfts,  also  10  white 
pf.  for  a  cow  horn. 

At  Cologne  I  went  to  St.  Ursula's  Church  and 
to  her  grave,  and  saw  the  holy  maiden  and  the 
other  great  relics.  Fernberger's  portrait  I  took  in 
charcoal;  changed  i  florin  for  expenses.  I  gave  * 
Nicolas's  wife  8  white  pf.  when  she  invited  me 
as  a  guest.  I  bought  two  prints  for  i  stiver.  Herr 
Hans  Ebner  and  Herr  Nicolas  Groland  would  take 
nothing  from  me  for  eight  days  at  Brussels,  three 
weeks  at  Aachen,  and  fourteen  days  at  Cologne. 
I  made  the  nun's  portrait,  and  gave  7  white  pf.  to 
the  nun.  I  made  her  a  present  of  three  half-sheet 
engravings  on  copper.  My  Confirmation  from  the 

59 


Journey  Emperor  came  to  my  lords  of  Nuremberg  the 
in  the      MondayafterSt.Martin's,theyearij2o,aftergreat 
Nether-  trouble  and  labour.  I  gave  Nicolas's  daughter  7 
lands       white  pf.  on  departing,  i  florin  to  his  wife,  and 
again  i  ort  to  his  daughter  on  leaving;  and  I  started 
away  from  Cologne.  Before  that,  Staiber  invited 
me  once  as  his  guest,  and  so  did  my  cousin  Nico- 
las once,  and  old  Wolfgang  once,  and  once  be- 
sides I  dined  as  his  guest.  I  have  given  Nicolas's 
man  a  "Eustace"  on  leaving,  and  his  little  daugh- 
ter another  ort,  as  they  took  much  trouble  for 
me.  I  have  given  i  florin  for  a  little  ivory  skull, 
and  I  white  pf.  for  a  turned  box,  also  7  white  pf. 
for  a  pair  of  shoes,  and  I  gave  Nicolas's  man  a 
"Nemesis"  on  leaving. 


SECOND  JOURNEY 
FROM  COLOGNE  TO  ANTWERP 

I  STARTED  off  early  by  boat  from  Cologne  on 
Wednesday  after  St.  Martin's,  and  went  as  far 
as  .  .  .  Paid  6  white  pf.  for  a  pair  of  shoes.  I 
gave  4  white  pf.  to  the  messenger.  From  Cologne 
I  travelled  by  the  Rhine  to  Zons,  from  Zons  to 
Neuss,  and  from  thence  to  Stain  where  we 
stayed  the  day,  and  I  spent  6  white  pf.  Thence 
we  came  to  Diisseldorf,  a  little  town,  where  1  spent 
2, white  pf.;  from  thence  to  Kaiserswerth;  from 
thence  to  Duisburg,  another  little  town,  and  we 
60 


passed  two  castles,  Angerort  and  Rurort;  thence  Journey 
we  went  to  Orsoy.a  little  town;  from  thence  we  "">  the 
went  to  Rheinberg,  another  little  town,  where  Nether- 
I  lay  over  night,  and  spent  6  white  pf.;  from  there  ''^"<^s 
I  travelled  to  the  following  towns.  Burg  Wesel, 
Rees,  and  from  there  to  Emmerich.  We  came 
next  to  Thomas,  and  from  there  to  Nymwegen ; 
there  we  stayed  over  the  night  and  spent  4  white 
pf.;  from  Nymwegen  I  travelled  toTiel.andfrom 
there  to  Herzogenbusch.  At  Emmerich  I  stopped 
and  spent  3  white  pf.  on  a  very  good  meal.  There 
I  took  the  portrait  of  a  goldsmith's  apprentice, 
Peter  Federmacher  of  Antwerp,  and  of  a  woman. 
The  reason  of  our  staying  was  that  a  great  storm 
of  wind  overtook  us.  I  spent  besides  5  white  pf., 
and  I  changed  i  florin  for  expenses ;  also  I  took 
the  host's  portrait,  and  we  did  not  get  to  Nym- 
wegen until  Sunday ;  I  gave  the  boatmen  2  o  white 
pf.  Nymwegen  is  a  beautiful  city,  and  has  a  fine 
church  and  a  well-situated  castle ;  from  there  we 
travelled  to  Tiel,  where  we  left  the  Rhine  and 
continued  on  the  Maas  to  Heerewarden,  where 
the  two  towers  stand ;  there  we  lay  over  night, 
and  during  this  day  I  spent  7  stivers.  From  there 
we  started  early  on  Tuesday  for  Bommel  on  the 
Maas;  there  a  great  storm  of  wind  overtook  us 
and  we  hired  some  peasant  horses  and  rode  with- 
out saddles  as  far  as  Herzogenbusch,  and  I  paid 
I  florin  for  the  journey  by  boat  and  horse.  Her- 
zogenbusch is  a  beautiful  city,  and  has  an  ex- 

61 


Journey  tremely  beautiful  church  and  a  strong  fortress ; 
in  the     there  I  spent  lo  stivers,  although  Arnold  settled 
Nether-  for  the  repast.  The  goldsmiths  came  to  me  and 
lands       showed  me  great  honour.  From  there  we  trav- 
elled on  Our  Lady's  Day  early  and  came  through 
the  large  and  beautiful  village  of  Oosterwyck. 
We  breakfasted  at  Tilborch  and  spent  4  white 
pf. ;  from  there  we  came  to  Baarle,  lay  the  night 
there,  and  spent  5  stivers,  and  my  companions 
got  into  an  argument  with  the  innkeeper,  so  we 
went  on  in  the  night  to  Hoogstraten;  there  we 
stopped  two  hours  and  went  by  St.  Leonhard 
Kirchen  to  Harscht.  We  breakfasted  there  and 
spent  4  stivers. 


SECOND  STAY  AT  ANTWERP 
November  22  — December  3,  1520 

FROM  there  we  journeyed  to  Antwerp  and 
gave  the  driver  i  j  stivers.  This  was  on  Thurs- 
day after  Our  Lady's  Assumption  [by  error 
for  Presentation]  ;  and  I  gave  an  engraving  of  the 
"Passion"  to  John,  Jobst  Schwager's  man,  and 
I  made  a  portrait  of  Nicolas  Sopalis,  and  on  the 
Thursday  after  Our  Lady's  Assumption  [Presen- 
tation], 1520,  I  was  once  more  back  in  Jobst 
Planckfelt's  house;  I  have  eaten  with  him  1 1 1 1 
times.  My  wife-T-|  |-- changed  i  florin  for  ex- 
penses, besides  a  crown;  and  the  seven  weeks 


that  I  have  been  away  my  wife  and  maid  have  Journey 
spent  7  crowns  and  bought  another  4  florins'  in  the 
worth  of  things.  I  spent  4  stivers  in  company.  I  Nether- 
have  dined  with  Tomasin  |  |  |  |  |  |  times.  On  St.  l-ands 
Martin's  Day  my  wife  had  her  purse  cut  ofFinOur 
Lady's  Church  at  Antwerp;  there  were  2  flor- 
ins in  it,  and  the  purse  itself,  besides  what  was 
in  it,  was  worth  another  florin,  and  some  keys 
were  in  it,  too.  On  the  eve  before  St.  Catherine's 
I  paid  Jobst  Planckfelt,  my  host,  10  gold  crowns 
for  my  reckoning.  I  dined  two  times  with  the 
Portuguese.  Rodrigo  gave  me  six  Indian  nuts,  so 
I  gave  his  boy  2  stivers  for  a  tip.  I  paid  19  stivers 
for  parchment;  changed  2  crowns  for  expenses. 
I  sold  two  "Adam  and  Eves,"  one  "  Sea  Monster," 
one  "Jerome,"  one  "Knight,"  one  "Nemesis,"  one 
"St.  Eustace,"  one  whole  sheet,  besides  seventeen 
etched  pieces,  eight  quarter-sheets,  and  ten  wood- 
cuts, seven  of  the  bad  woodcuts,  two  books,  and 
ten  small  wood  "Passions,"  the  whole  for  8  flor- 
ins. Also  I  exchanged  three  large  books  for  one 
ounce  [ell  of?]  camlet.  I  changed  a  Philip's  florin 
for  expenses  and  my  wife  likewise  changed  a 
florin. 

At  Zierikzee  in  Zeeland  a  whale  has  been 
washed  ashore  by  a  great  tide  and  storm ;  it  is 
much  more  than  a  hundred  fathoms  long;  no  one 
in  Zeeland  has  ever  seen  one  even  one-third  as 
long,  and  the  fish  cannot  get  oif  the  land.  The 
people  would  be  glad  to  see  it  gone,  for  they 

63 


Journey  fear  the  great  stink,  for  it  is  so  big  they  say  it 

m  the      could  not  be  cut  in  pieces  and  the  oil  got  out  of 
Nether-  j^  jj^  ^^jf  ^  y^^^ 

^"  ^  Stephen  Capello  has  given  me  a  cedarwood 

rosary,  in  return  for  which  I  was  to  take  and  have 
taken  his  portrait.  I  paid  4  stivers  for  furnace 
brown  and  a  pair  of  snuffers ;  I  gave  3  stivers  for 
paper;  made  a  portrait  of  Felix,  kneeling,  in  his 
book  in  pen  and  ink,  and  Felix  gave  me  one  hun- 
dred oysters.  I  gave  Herr Lazarus,  the  great  man, 
an  engraved  "Jerome"  and  three  large  books. 
Rodrigo  sent  me  some  wine  and  oysters.  I  paid 
7  white  pf.  for  black  chalk. 

I  have  had  to  dinner  Tomasin,  Gerhard,  To- 
masin's  daughter,  her  husband,  the  glass  painter 
Hennick,Jobst  and  his  wife,  and  Felix,  which  cost 
2  florins.  Tomasin  made  me  a  gift  of  four  ells 
of  grey  damask  for  a  doublet.  I  have  changed  a 
Philip's  florin  for  expenses. 


VISIT  TO  ZEELAND 
December  3^14,  1^20 

ON  St.  Barbara's  Eve  I  travelled  from  Ant- 
werp to  Bergen-op-Zoom;  I  paid  2  stivers 
for  the  horse,  and  I  spent  i  florin  6  stivers 
there.  At  Bergen  I  bought  my  wife  a  thin  Nether- 
landish headcloth,  which  cost  i  florin,  7  stivers,  be- 
sides 6  stivers  for  three  pairs  of  shoes,  i  stiver  for 
64 


eyeglasses,  and  6  stivers  for  an  ivory  button;  Journey 
gave  2  stivers  for  a  tip.  I  have  drawn  the  por-  in  the 
traits  in  charcoal  of  Jan  de  Has,  his  wife,  and  two  Nether- 
daughters;  and  the  maid  and  the  old  woman  in  lands 
silverpoint,  in  my  sketch-book.  I  saw  the  Van 
Bergen  house,  which  is  a  very  large  and  beautiful 
building.  Bergen  is  a  pleasant  place  in  summer, 
and  two  great  fairs  are  held  there  yearly.  On  Our 
Lady's  Eve  I  started  with  my  companions  for 
Zeeland,  and  Sebastian  Imhof  lent  me  five  flor- 
ins; and  the  first  night  we  lay  at  anchor  in  the 
sea;  it  was  very  cold  and  we  had  neither  food 
nor  drink.  On  Saturday  we  came  to  Goes,  and 
there  I  drew  a  girl  in  the  costume  of  the  place. 
Thence  we  travelled  to  Arnemuiden,  and  I  paid 
i^  stivers  for  expenses.  We  went  by  a  sunken 
place,  where  we  saw  the  tops  of  the  roofs  stand- 
ing up  above  the  water,  and  we  went  by  the  is- 
land of  Wolfersdyk,  and  passed  the  little  town 
Kortgene  on  another  island  lying  near.  Zeeland 
has  seven  islands,  and  Arnemuiden,  where  I  lay 
the  night,  is  the  biggest.  From  there  I  travelled 
to  Middelburg.  There  in  the  abbey  Jan  de  Ma- 
buse  has  made  a  great  picflure,  not  so  good  in 
the  drawing  as  in  the  colouring.  From  there  I 
went  to  the  Veere,  where  ships  from  all  lands  lie. 
It  is  a  very  fine  little  town.  But  at  Arnemuiden, 
where  I  landed,  there  happened  to  me  a  great 
misfortune.  As  we  were  coming  to  land  and  get- 
ting out  our  rope,  just  as  we  were  getting  on 

65 


Journey  shore,  a  great  ship  ran  into  us  so  hard  that  in  the 
in  the  crush  I  let  everyone  get  out  before  me,  so  that  no 
Nether-  one  but  myself,  George  Kotzler,  two  old  women, 
lands  the  sailor,  and  a  little  boy  were  left  in  the  ship. 
When  now  the  other  ship  knocked  against  us 
and  I  with  those  mentioned  was  on  the  ship  and 
could  not  get  out,  the  strong  rope  broke,  and  at 
the  same  moment  a  violent  storm  of  wind  arose 
which  forcibly  drove  back  our  ship.  So  we  all 
called  for  help,  but  no  one  would  risk  himself, 
and  the  wind  carried  us  back  out  to  sea.  Then 
the  skipper  tore  his  hair  and  cried  aloud,  for  all 
his  men  had  landed  and  the  ship  was  unmanned. 
It  was  a  matter  of  fear  and  danger,  for  there  was 
a  great  wind  and  no  more  than  six  persons  in  the 
ship,  so  I  spoke  to  the  skipper  that  he  should  take 
heart  and  have  hope  in  God,  and  should  take 
thought  for  what  was  to  be  done.  He  said  that  if 
he  could  pull  up  the  small  sail,  he  would  try  if 
we  could  come  again  to  land.  So  we  all  helped 
one  another  and  pulled  it  half-way  up  with  diffi- 
culty, and  went  on  again  towards  the  land.  And 
when  those  on  the  land  who  had  already  given 
us  up  saw  how  we  helped  ourselves,  they  too 
came  to  our  aid,  and  we  got  to  land. 

Middelburg  is  a  good  town;  it  has  a  very  beau- 
tiful town  hall  with  a  fine  tower.  There  is  much 
art  shown  in  all  things  here.  There  are  very  rich 
and  beautiful  stalls  in  the  abbey,  and  a  splendid 
gallery  of  stone  and  a  beautiful  parish  church. 
6(> 


The  town  is  excellent  for  sketching.  Zeeland  is  Journey 
beautiful  and  wonderful  to  see  on  account  of  the  in  the 
water,  for  it  stands  higher  than  the  land.  I  have  Nether- 
made  a  portrait  of  my  host  at  Arnemuiden.  Mas-  l^nds 
ter  Hugo,  Alexander  Imhof,  and  the  Hirschvo- 
gel's  servant  Frederick  gave  me  each  of  them  an 
Indian  nut  that  they  had  won  at  play,  and  the 
host  gave  me  a  sprouting  bulb.  Early  on  Monday 
morning  we  went  back  to  the  ship  and  set  out 
for  the  Veere  and  for  Zierikzee  ;  I  wanted  to  get 
sight  of  the  great  fish,  but  the  tide  had  carried 
it  off  again.  I  paid  2  florins  for  fare  and  expenses 
and  2  florins  for  a  rug,  4  stivers  for  a  fig-cheese 
and  3  stivers  for  carriage,  and  I  lost  6  stivers  at 
play.  When  we  came  back  to  Bergen  I  gave  10 
stivers  for  an  ivory  comb. 

I  have  taken  Schnabhan's  portrait,  and  I  have 
also  taken  the  portrait  of  my  host's  son-in-law, 
Klautz.  Gave  2  florins  less  ^  stivers  for  a  piece 
of  tin;  also  2  florins  for  a  bad  piece  of  tin.  I  have 
also  taken  the  portrait  of  little  Bernard  of  Brus- 
sels, George  Kotzler,  and  the  Frenchman  from 
Kamrick;  each  of  them  gave  me  i  florin  at  Ber- 
gen. Jan  de  Has'  son-in-law  gave  me  i  Horn  florin 
for  his  portrait,  and  Kerpen  of  Cologne  also  gave 
me  a  florin,  and  besides  this  I  bought  two  bed- 
covers for  4  florins  less  10  stivers.  I  have  made 
the  portrait  of  Nicolas,  the  jeweller.  These  are 
the  number  of  times  that  I  have  dined  at  Bergen 
since  I  came  from  Zeeland  1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1,  and  once 

67 


Journey  for  4  stivers.  I  paid  the  driver  3  stivers  and  spent 
in  the  8  stivers,  and  came  back  to  Antwerp,  to  Jobst 
Nether-  Planckfelt's,  on  Friday  after  St.  Lucy's,  1^20,  and 
lands  I  have  dined  this  number  of  times  with  him  1 1 1  |. 
It  is  paid,  and  my  wife  1 1 1 1,  and  that  is  paid. 


AT  ANTWERP 

December,  ijzo  — April,  1^21 

IN  return  for  the  three  books  which  I  gave  him 
Herr  Lazarus  of  Ravensburg  has  given  me  a 
big  fish  scale,  five  snail  shells,  four  silver  med- 
als, five  copper  ones,  two  little  dried  fishes  and  a 
white  coral,  four  reed  arrows  and  another  white 
coral.  I  changed  i  florin  for  expenses,  and  like- 
wise! crown.  I  have  dined  alone  so  many  times  1 1 1 1 
1 1 1 1 1 .  Thefacftorof  Portugal  has  given  me  a  brown 
velvet  bag  and  a  box  of  good  elecftuary ;  I  gave 
his  boy  3  stivers  for  wages.  I  gave  i  Horn  florin 
for  two  little  panels,  but  they  gave  me  back  6 
stivers.  I  bought  a  little  monkey  for  4  gulden,  and 
gave  14  stivers  for  five  fish.  I  paid  Jobst  10  stivers 
for  three  dinners ;  I  gave  2  stivers  for  two  tracfls ; 
and  2  stivers  to  the  messenger.  I  gave  Lazarus  of 
Ravensburg  a  portrait  head  on  panel  which  cost 
6  stivers,  and  besides  that  I  have  given  him  eight 
sheets  ofthe  large  copper  engravings,  eight  of  the 
half-sheets,  an  engraved  "  Passion,"  and  other  en- 
gravings and  woodcuts,  all  together  worth  more 
68 


than  4  florins.  I  changed  a  Philip's  florin  for  ex-  Journey 
penses,  and  besides  that  a  gold  florin  for  expenses,  i"  the 
I  gave6  stivers  for  a  panel,  and  did  the  portrait  of  Mether- 
the  servant  of  the  Portuguese  on  it  in  charcoal,  '"^"^^ 
and  I  gave  him  all  that  for  a  New  Year's  present 
and  2  stivers  for  a  tip. 

Changed  i  florin  for  expenses  and  gave  Bern- 
hard  Stecher  a  whole  set  of  prints.  I  bought  31 
stivers' worth  of  wood.  I  have  made  the  portraits 
of  Gerhard  Bombelli  and  Sebastian  the  procu- 
rator's daughter.  I  have  changed  i  florin  for  ex- 
penses. Have  spent  3  stivers  besides  3  more  for 
a  meal.  I  have  given  Herr  Wolff  of  Rogendorf  a 
"Passion"  on  copper  and  one  in  woodcut.  Ger- 
hard Bombelli  has  given  me  a  printed  Turkish 
cloth,  and  Herr  Wolff  of  Rogendorf  gave  me 
seven  Brabant  ells  of  velvet,  so  I  gave  his  man  i 
Philip's  florin  for  a  tip.  Spent  3  stivers  on  a  meal ; 
gave  4  stivers  for  tips.  I  have  drawn  the  new 
facftor's  portrait  in  charcoal.  Gave  6  stivers  for  a 
panel.  Have  dined  with  the  Portuguese  1 1 1 1  1 1 1 
times,  with  the  treasurer  |,  with  Tomasin  1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 
times.  Gave  4  stivers  for  tips.  With  Lazarus  of 
Ravensburg  |,  Wolff  of  Rogendorf  |,  Bernhard  Ste- 
cher I,  Utz  Hanolt  Meyting  |,  Caspar  Lewenter  |. 
I  gave  3  stivers  to  the  man  whose  portrait  I  drew; 
gave  the  boy  2  stivers.  I  have  given  4  florins  for 
flax.  Have  taken  4florins  for  prints ;  have  changed 
I  crown  for  expenses.  Paid  the  furrier 4  stivers  and 
again  2  stivers.  Lost  4  stivers  at  play ;  spent  6  sti- 


Journey  vers.  I  have  changed  i  noble  for  expenses ;  gave 
in  the      18  stivers  for  raisins  and  three  pairs  of  knives. 
Nether-  J  paid  2  florins  for  some  meals  at  Jobst's.  Have 
lanas       Jq^^  ^  stivers  at  play,  and  gave  6  stivers  to  the 
furrier.  Have  given  Master  Jacob  two  engraved 
"St.  Jeromes."  Lost  2  stivers  at  play;  changed  i 
crown  for  expenses ;  lost  i  stiver  at  play.  Have 
given  to  Tomasin's  three  maids  three  pairs  of 
knives,  which  cost  j  stivers.  Have  taken  29  sti- 
vers for  prints.  Rodrigo  gave  me  a  musk-ball  just 
as  it  had  been  cut  from  the  musk  deer,  also  a  }i  lb. 
of  persin  [?  a  dark  red  paint]  and  a  box  full  of 
quince  elecftuary  and  a  big  box  of  sugar,  so  I 
gave  his  boy  5  stivers  for  a  tip. 

Lost  2  stivers  at  play.  I  have  done  the  portrait 
of  Jobst's  wife  in  charcoal.  I  have  got  4  florins, 
5  stivers  for  three  small  canvases.  Changed  2  flor- 
ins in  succession  for  expenses.  Lost  2  stivers  at 
play.  My  wife  gave  me  i  florin  for  the  child,  and  4 
stivers  in  the  child's  bed.  I  have  changed  i  crown 
for  expenses ;  spent  4  stivers,  lost  2  stivers  at  play, 
and  gave  4  stivers  to  the  messenger.  Changed 
I  florin  for  expenses. 

I  gave  Master  Dietrich,  the  glass  painter,  an 
"Apocalypse"  and  the  six  "Knots." Paid  40  sti- 
vers for  flax.  Lost  8  stivers  at  play.  I  have  given 
the  little  Portuguese  facftor.  Signer  Francisco,  my 
small  canvas  with  the  small  child,  that  is  worth 
10  florins.  I  have  given  Dr.  Loffen  at  Antwerp 
the  four  books  and  an  engraved  "Jerome,"  and 
70 


the  same  to  Jobst  Planckfelt.  I  have  done  the  arms  Journey 
of  Staiber  and  another.  I  have  made  a  portrait  of  in  the 
Tomasin's  son  and  daughter  in  silverpoint;  also  Nether- 
I  have  painted  a  small  panel  in  oil  of  the  Duke,  l^^ds 
Have  got  3  stivers  for  engravings.  Rodrigo,  the 
Portuguese  secretary,  has  given  me  two  Calicut 
cloths,  one  of  them  is  silk,  and  he  has  given  me 
an  ornamented  cap  and  a  green  jug  with  myro- 
balans,  and  a  branch  of  cedar  tree,  worth  10  flor- 
ins altogether.  And  I  gave  the  boy  for  a  tip  5  sti- 
vers and  2  stivers  for  a  brush. 

I  have  made  a  drawing  for  a  mask  for  the  Fug- 
ger's  people  for  masquerade,  and  they  have 
given  me  an  angel.  I  have  changed  i  florin  for 
expenses.  Gave  8  stivers  for  two  little  powder 
horns.  Lost  3  stivers  at  play.  Changed  an  angel  for 
expenses.  I  have  drawn  two  sheets  full  of  beauti- 
ful little  masks  for  Tomasin.  I  have  painted  a  good 
"Veronica"  face  in  oils;  it  is  worth  12  florins.  I 
gave  it  to  Francisco,  the  Portuguese  facftor.  Since 
then  I  have  painted  Santa  Veronica  in  oils;  it  is 
better  than  the  former,  and  I  gave  it  to  Facflor 
Brandan  of  Portugal.  Francisco  gave  the  maid  i 
Philip's  florin  for  a  tip,  and  afterwards,  because  of 
the  "Veronica,"  I  florin  more,  but  the  Facftor  Bran- 
dan  gave  her  i  florin.  I  paid  Peter  8  stivers  for 
two  cases,  I  changed  an  angel  for  expenses. 

On  Carnival  Sunday  early,  the  goldsmiths  in- 
vited me  to  dinner,  with  my  wife.  In  their  assem- 
bly were  many  notable  men.  They  prepared  a 

71 


Journey  very  grand  meal,  and  did  me  the  greatest  hon- 
in  the  our.  In  the  evening  the  old  bailiff  of  the  town  in- 
Nether-  vited  me  and  gave  me  a  splendid  meal,  and  did 
lands  rne  great  honour.  Thither  came  many  strange 
maskers. 

I  have  drawn  the  portrait  of  Florent  Nepotis, 
Lady  Margaret's  organist,  in  charcoal.  On  Mon- 
day night  Herr  Lopez  invited  me  to  the  great 
banquet  on  Shrove  Tuesday,  which  lasted  till  two 
o'clock,  and  was  very  grand.  Herr  Lorenz  Sterk 
has  given  me  a  Spanish  fur.  And  to  the  above- 
mentioned  feast  came  many  very  splendid 
masks,  especially  Tomasin  Bombelli. 

I  have  won  2  florins  at  play.  Have  changed  an 
angel  for  expenses;  paid  14  stivers  for  a  basket 
of  raisins.  I  have  made  the  portrait  in  charcoal 
of  Bernhard  von  Castell,  from  whom  I  won  the 
money.  Tomasin's  brother  Gerhardt  has  given  me 
four  Brabant  ells  of  the  best  black  satin,  and  has 
given  me  three  big  boxes  of  candied  citron,  so  I 
gave  the  maid  3  stivers  for  a  tip.  Paid  13  stivers 
for  wood,  and  2  stivers  for  pine  kernels.  I  drew 
the  procurator's  daughter  very  carefully  in  silver- 
point.  Have  changed  i  angel  for  expenses.  I  have 
drawn  the  portrait  in  black  chalk  of  the  good  mar- 
ble worker.  Master  Johann,  who  looks  like  Chris- 
topher Kohler;  he  has  studied  in  Italy,  and  comes 
from  Metz.  I  have  changed  i  Horn  florin  for  ex- 
penses. I  have  given  3  florins  to  Jan  Tiirck  for 
Italian  works  of  art;  I  gave  him  12  ducats'  worth 


works  of  art  for  one  ounce  of  good  ultramarine.  I  Journey- 
have  sold  a  small  woodcut  of  the  "  Passion  "  for  3  in  the 
florins.  I  sold  two  reams  and  four  books  of  Schaiif-  Nether- 
lein's  prints  for  3  florins.  Have  given  3  florins  for  l^^ds 
two  ivory  salt-cellars  from  Calicut.  Have  taken 
2  florins  for  prints ;  have  changed  i  florin  for  ex- 
penses. Rudiger  von  Gelern  gave  me  a  snail  shell, 
together  with  coins  of  gold  and  silver,  with  an 
ort.  I  gave  him  in  return  the  three  large  books 
and  an  engraved  "Knight;"  have  taken  11  stivers 
for  prints.  I  gave  2  Philip's  florins  for  "SS.  Peter 
and  Paul,"  which  I  shall  present  to  Herr  Kohler's 
wife.  Rodrigo  has  given  me  two  boxes  of  quince 
elecftuaryand  all  kinds  of  sweetmeats,  and  I  gave 
5  stivers  for  a  tip.  Paid  16  stivers  for  boxes. 

Lazarus  of  Ravensburg  gave  me  a  sugar  loaf, 
so  I  gave  his  boy  i  stiver.  Paid  6  stivers  for-wood. 
Have  eaten  once  with  the  Frenchman;  twice  with 
the  Hirschvogel's  Fritz,  and  once  with  Master 
Peter,  the  secretary,  when  Erasmus  of  Rotterdam 
also  dined  with  us.  I  paid  i  stiver  to  be  allowed  to 
go  up  the  tower  at  Antwerp,  which  is  said  to  be 
higher  than  that  at  Strasburg.  From  thence  I  saw 
the  whole  town  on  all  sides,  which  was  very 
pleasant.  Paid  i  stiver  for  a  bath.  Have  changed 
I  angel  for  expenses.  The  Facftor  Brandon  of  Por- 
tugal has  given  me  two  large  beautiful  white 
sugar  loaves,  a  dishful  of  sweetmeats,  two  green 
pots  of  preserves,  and  four  ells  of  black  satin,  so 
I  gave  the  servant  10  stivers  for  a  tip. 

73> 


Journey    Paid  the  messenger  3  stivers.  I  have  drawn  twice 
in  the     more  in  silverpoint  the  beautiful  maiden  for  Ger- 
Nether-  hardt.  Again  changed  an  angel  for  expenses;  took 
lands      4  florins  for  prints;  paid  10  stivers  for  Rodrigo's 
case.  Dined  with  the  treasurer,  HerrLorenz  Sterk, 
who  gave  me  an  ivory  whistle  and  a  very  beau- 
tiful piece  of  porcelain,  and  I  have  given  him 
a  whole  set  of  prints.  I  also  gave  a  whole  set 
to  Herr  Adrian,  the  Antwerp  town-orator.  Also  I 
changed  a  Philip's  florin  for  expenses. 

I  presented  a  sitting  "  St.  Nicolas"  to  the  largest 
and  richest  guild  of  merchants  at  Antwerp,  for 
which  they  have  made  me  a  present  of  3  Phil- 
ip's florins.  I  gave  Peter  itgidius  the  old  frame  of 
the  " St.  Jerome"  besides  4  gulden  for  a  frame  for 
the  treasurer's  likeness.  Paid  11  stivers  for  wood. 
Again,  changed  a  Philip's  florin  for  expenses. 
Gave  4  stivers  for  a  bore.  Gave  3  stivers  for  three 
canes.  I  have  handed  over  my  bale  to  Jacob  and 
Andreas  Hessler  to  take  to  Nuremberg,  and  I  am 
to  pay  them  2  florins  percwt.,  Nuremberg  weight, 
and  they  are  to  take  it  to  Herr  Hans  Imhof,  the 
elder,  and  I  have  paid  2  florins  on  it.  Moreover  I 
have  done  it  up  in  a  packing-case. 

This  was  in  the  year  1^21,  on  the  Saturday  be- 
fore Judic^.  Also  on  the  Saturday  before  Judic^, 
Rodrigo  gave  me  six  large  Indian  cocoanuts,  a 
very  fine  piece  of  coral,  and  two  large  Portuguese 
florins,  one  of  which  weighs  10  ducats,  and  I  gave 
the  boy  ij  stivers  for  a  tip. 
74 


I  heave  bought  a  lode-stone  for  \6  stivers.  I  have  Journey- 
changed  an  angel  for  expenses.  Paid  6  stivers  in  the 
for  packing.  Sent  Master  Hugo  at  Brussels  an  en-  Nether- 
graved  "Passion"  and  some  other  prints  for  his  l^nds 
little  porphyry  stone.  I  have  made  for  Tomasin 
a  design  drawn  and  tinted  in  half-colours,  from 
which  he  means  to  have  his  house  painted.  I 
painted  "Jerome"  in  oils  with  care  and  gave  it 
to  Rodrigo  of  Portugal,  who  gave  Susanna  a 
ducat  for  a  tip.  Have  changed  a  Philip's  florin  for 
expenses  and  gave  lo  stivers  to  my  Father  Con- 
fessor. Gave  4  stivers  for  the  little  tortoise. 

I  have  dined  with  Herr  Gilbert,  who  gave  me  a 
Calicut  target  made  of  a  fish  skin,  and  two  gloves 
as  they  use  them  for  fighting.  I  have  given  Peter 
2  stivers.  Gave  lo  stivers  for  the  fish  fins,  and  3 
stivers  for  a  tip.  I  have  made  a  very  good  portrait 
in  hard  chalk  of  Cornelius,  the  secretary  of  Ant- 
werp.! have  given  3  florins,  16  stivers,  for  the  five 
silk  girdles  which  I  mean  to  give  away,  besides  20 
stivers  for  an  edging  [?  lace].  These  six  edgings 
I  have  sent  as  presents  to  the  wives  of  Kasperi 
Niitzel,  Franz  Imhof,  Straiib,  the  two  Spenglers, 
LofFelholz,  besides  a  good  pair  of  gloves  to  each. 
To  Pirkheimer  I  have  sent  a  large  cap,  a  very 
handsome  buffalo  horn  inkstand,  a  silver  [medal 
of  the]  Emperor,  a  pound  of  pistachios,  and  three 
sugar-canes.  To  Kasper  Niitzel  I  have  sent  a  great 
elk's  foot,  ten  large  fir  cones  with  pine  kernels.  To 
Jacob  Muifel  I  have  sent  a  scarlet  breast  cloth 

7-J 


Journey  of  one  ell ;  to  Hans  Imhof  s  child  an  embroidered 
in  the  scarlet  cap  and  pine  kernels;  to  Kramer's  wife 
Nether-  four  ells  of  taffeta,  worth  4  florins.  To  Lochinger's 
lands  wife  one  ell  of  taffeta,  of  i  florin's  worth;  to  the 
two  Spenglers,  each  a  bag  and  three  fine  horns ;  to 
Herr  Hieronimus  Holzschuher,  a  very  large  horn. 
Have  eaten  twice  with  the  facftor;  dined  with 
Master  Adrian,  the  secretary  of  the  town  council 
of  Antwerp,  who  gave  me  the  small  painted 
panel  made  by  Master  Joachim  [de  Patinir] :  it  is 
of  "Lot  and  his  Daughters."  Have  taken  12  florins 
for  prints,  also  I  have  sold  some  of  Hans  Baldung 
Griin's  works  for  i  florin.  Rudiger  von  Gelern  has 
given  me  a  piece  of  sandalwood ;  I  gave  his  boy 
a  stiver.  I  have  painted  the  portrait  of  Bernhard 
of  Brussels  in  oils ;  he  gave  me  8  florins  for  it,  and 
gave  my  wife  a  crown,  and  Susanna  a  florin 
worth  24  stivers.  I  have  given  3  stivers  for  the 
Swiss  jug,  and  2  stivers  for  the  ship,  also  3  stivers 
for  the  case  and  4  stivers  to  the  Father  Confessor. 
I  have  changed  an  angel  for  expenses ;  have  taken 
4  florins,  10  stivers  for  works  of  art;  paid  3  stivers 
for  salve;  gave  iiyi  stivers  for  wood;  changed 
I  florin  for  expenses;  have  given  1  florin  for  14 
pieces  of  French  wood.  I  gave  Ambrozio  Hoch- 
stiitter  a  "  Life  of  Our  Lady,"  and  he  gave  me 
a  model  of  his  ship.  Rodrigo  gave  my  wife  a 
little  ring  which  is  worth  more  than  5  florins.  Have 
changed  i  florin  for  expenses.  I  have  done  the 
portrait  of  Fadtor  Brandon's  secretary  in  char- 
76 


coal;  I  have  done  the  portrait   of  his   Moorish  Journey 
woman  in  silverpoint,  and  I  have  done  Rodrigo's  in  the 
portrait  on  a  large  sheet  of  paper  with  the  brush,  Nether- 
in  black  and  white.  I  have  given  i6  florins  for  a  l^nds 
piece  of  camlet  measuring  twenty-four  ells,  and 
it  cost  I  stiver  to  bring  home.  Have  paid  2  stivers 
for  gloves.  I  have  done  Lucas  of  Dantzic's  por- 
trait in  charcoal.  He  gave  me  i  florin  for  it,  and  a 
piece  of  sandalwood. 


VISIT  TO  BRUGES  AND  GHENT 
April  6  — II,  1521 

ON  the  Saturday  after  Easter,  with  Hans 
Liiber  and  Master  Jan  Prevost,  a  good 
painter  born  at  Bruges,  I  set  out  from 
Antwerp  towards  Bruges  by  way  of  the  Scheldt 
and  came  to  Beveren,  a  large  village.  From  there 
to  Vracene,  also  a  big  village;  thence  we  passed 
through  some  villages  and  came  to  a  fine  large 
village,  where  the  rich  farmers  live,  and  there  we 
breakfasted.  Thence  we  journeyed  towards  St. 
Paul's,  the  rich  abbey,  and  went  through  Cau- 
denborn,  a  fine  village;  thence  through  the  large 
village  of  Kalve,  and  thence  to  Ertvelde;  there 
we  lay  the  night  and  started  early  on  Sunday 
morning  and  came  from  Ertvelde  to  a  small  town. 
From  that  we  went  to  Ecloo,  which  is  a  mighty 
large  village;  it  is  plastered,  and  has  a  square; 

77 


Journey  there  we  breakfasted.  Thence  we  went  to  Mal- 
in  the  degem,  and  then  through  othervillages,  and  came 
Nether-  to  Bruges,  which  is  a  fine  noble  town.  I  paid  21 
lands  stivers  for  fare  and  other  expenses.  And  arriv- 
ing at  Bruges,  Jan  Prevost  took  me  into  his  house 
to  lodge,  and  the  same  night  prepared  a  costly 
meal,  and  asked  much  company  to  meet  me. 
The  next  day  Marx,  the  goldsmith,  invited  me, 
and  gave  me  a  costly  meal  and  asked  many  to 
meet  me;  afterwards  they  took  me  to  see  the  Em- 
peror's house,  which  is  large  and  splendid.  There 
I  saw  the  chapel  which  Roger  painted,  and  some 
picftures  by  a  great  old  artist.  I  gave  the  man  who 
showed  them  to  us  i  stiver;  afterwards  I  bought 
two  ivory  combs  for  30  stivers.  Thence  they  took 
me  to  St.  James's  and  let  me  see  the  splendid 
paintings  of  Roger  and  Hugo,  who  are  both  great 
masters.  Afterwards  I  saw  the  alabaster  Madonna 
in  Our  Lady's  Church  that  Michelangelo  of  Rome 
made ;  afterwards  they  took  me  to  many  churches 
and  let  me  see  all  the  fine  paintings,  of  which 
there  is  abundance  there,  and  when  I  had  seen  the 
Jan  [Van  Eyck]  and  all  the  other  things,  we  came 
at  last  to  the  Painters'  Chapel,  in  which  there  are 
good  things.  Then  they  prepared  a  banquet  for 
me,  and  I  went  thence  with  them  to  their  guild- 
hall; there  were  many  honourable  men  gathered 
together,  goldsmiths,  painters,  and  merchants, 
and  they  made  me  sup  with  them,  and  they 
gave  me  presents  and  sought  my  acquaintance 
78 


and  did  me  great  honour;  and  the  two  brothers  Journey- 
Jacob  and  Peter  Mostaert,  the  town  councillors,  in  the 
gave  me  twelve  cans  of  wine,  and  the  whole  as-  Nether- 
sembly,  more  than  sixty  persons,  accompanied  '«ands 
me  home  with  many  torches.  I  also  saw  in  their 
shooting  gallery  the  great  fish  tub  from  which 
they  eat,  which  is  19  feet  long,  7  high,  and  7 
broad. 

Early  on  Tuesday  we  departed,  but  before  that,  I 
did  Jan  Prevost's  portrait  in  silverpoint,  and  gave 
his  wife  10  stivers  at  parting.  And  so  we  travelled 
to  Ursel;  there  we  breakfasted.  On  the  way  there 
are  three  villages.  Then  we  travelled  towards 
Ghent,  again  through  three  villages,  and  I  paid  4 
stivers  for  the  journey,  and  4  stivers  for  expenses ; 
and  on  my  arrival  at  Ghent,  there  came  to  me 
the  dean  of  the  painters  and  brought  with  him 
the  first  masters  in  painting;  they  showed  me 
great  honour,  received  me  most  courteously,  and 
commended  to  me  their  good-will  and  service, 
and  supped  with  me.  On  Wednesday  early  they 
took  me  to  the  tower  of  St.  John's,  whence  I  looked 
all  over  the  great  and  wonderful  town,  where 
I  had  just  been  treated  as  a  great  person.  After- 
wards I  saw  the  Jan  [Van  Eyck's]  picfture,  which 
is  a  very  splendid,  deeply  studied  painting,  and 
especially  the  "Eve,"  the  "Mary,"  and  "God  the 
Father"  were  extremely  good.  Then  I  saw  the 
lions  and  drew  one  of  them  in  silverpoint;  also  I 
saw  on  the  bridge,  where  men  are  beheaded,  two 

79 


Journey  picftures  which  were  made  as  a  sign  that  there  a 
in  the      son  had  beheaded  his  father.  Ghent  is  beautiful 
Nether-  and  a  wonderful  town;  four  great  waters  flow 
lands       through  it.  I  gave  3  stivers  as  a  tip  to  the  sacris- 
tan and  the  lions'  keeper.  I  saw  many  other  re- 
markable things  in  Ghent,  and  the  painters  with 
their  dean  did  not  forget  me,  but  ate  with  me 
morning  and  evening,  and  paid  for  everything, 
and  were  very  friendly.  I  gave  away  5  stivers  at 
the  inn  on  leaving.  Then  early  on  Thursday  I  set 
out  from  Ghent  and  came  through  various  vil- 
lages to  the  inn  called  "The  Swan,"  where  we 
breakfasted ;  thence  we  passed  through  a  beau- 
tiful village  and  came  to  Antwerp,  and  I  paid  8 
stivers  for  the  fare. 


AT  ANTWERP 

April  II -May  17,  1^21 

I  HAVE  taken  4  florins  for  works  of  art ;  changed 
one  florin  for  expenses.  Have  taken  the  por- 
trait of  Hans  Lieber  of  Ulm  in  charcoal;  he 
wished  to  pay  me  i  florin,  but  I  would  not  take 
it.  Gave  7  stivers  for  wood  and  i  stiver  for  bring- 
ing it;  changed  i  florin  for  expenses.  In  the  third 
week  after  Easter  a  violent  fever  came  upon  me 
with  great  weakness,  nausea,  and  headache ;  and 
before,  when  I  was  in  Zeeland,  a  strange  illness 
overcame  me  such  as  I  never  heard  of  from 
80 


anyone,  and  this  illness  I  have  still.  I  paid  6  stivers  Journey 
for  a  case.  The  monk  has  bound  two  books  for  in  the 
me  for  the  prints  which  I  gave  him.  I  have  given  Nether- 
lo  florins,  8  stivers  for  a  piece  of  arras  for  two  l^nds 
mantles  for  my  mother-in-law  and  my  wife.  I 
gave  the  docftor  8  stivers,  and  3  stivers  to  the 
apothecary,  also  changed  i  florin  for  expenses 
and  spent  3  stivers  in  company.  Paid  the  doc- 
tor 10  stivers;  again  paid  the  docflor  6  stivers. 
During  my  illness  Rodrigo  sent  me  many  sweet- 
meats; I  gave  the  boy  4  stivers  for  a  tip.  I  have 
drawn  Master  Joachim  [Patinir]  in  silverpoint, 
and  made  him  besides  another  likeness  in  sil- 
verpoint. Again  changed  a  crown  for  expenses, 
and  again  i  florin  for  expenses.  Paid  the  doc- 
tor 6  stivers,  and  7  stivers  at  the  apothecary's; 
changed  i  florin  for  expenses.  For  packing  the 
third  bale,  which  I  sent  from  Antwerp  to  Nu- 
remberg by  a  carrier  called  Hans  Staber,  I  paid 
13  stivers,  and  I  paid  the  carrier  i  florin  for  it,  and 
I  agreed  with  him  to  take  it  from  Antwerp  to 
Nuremberg  for  i  florin,  i  ort,  per  cwt.,  and  this 
bale  is  to  be  taken  to  Herr  Hans  Imhof,  the  elder. 
I  have  paid  the  docftor,  the  apothecary,  and  the 
barber  14  stivers.  I  gave  Master  Jacob,  the  sur- 
geon, 4  florins'  worth  of  prints.  I  have  made  a 
portrait  in  charcoal  of  Thomas  Polonius  of  Rome. 
My  camlet  cloak  came  to  twenty-one  Brabant 
ells,  which  are  three  fmger  breadths  longer  than 
the  Nuremberg  ells.  I  have  also  bought  four  black 

81 


Journey  Spanish  skins,  which  cost  3  stivers  each,  and  they 

in  the      come  to  34,  that  makes  10  florins,  2  stivers;  I  paid 

Nether-  the  skinner  [furrier]  i  florin  to  make  them  up, 

lands       tPjgj^  there  were  two  ells  of  velvet  for  trimming, 

3  florins;  also  for  silk  cord  and  thread,  34  stivers; 

then  the  tailor's  wage,  30  stivers;  the  camlet 

which  is  in  the  cloak  cost  14^  florins,  and  the  boy 

3  stivers  for  a  tip. 

Cross  Sunday  after  Easter;  from  this  I  start  a 
fresh  account.  Again  paid  the  docftor  6  stivers;  I 
have  gained  53  stivers  for  works  of  art,  and  have 
taken  them  for  expenses.  On  Sunday  before  Holy 
Cross  Week,  Master  Joachim  [Patinir],  the  good 
landscape  painter,  asked  me  to  his  wedding,  and 
showed  me  all  honour;  there  I  saw  two  beauti- 
ful plays,  the  first  was  especially  pious  and  de- 
vout. I  again  paid  the  docftor  6  stivers,  and  have 
changed  i  florin  for  expenses.  On  Sunday  after 
Our  Lord's  Ascension,  Master  Dietrich,  the  glass 
painter  of  Antwerp,  invited  me  and  asked  many 
other  people  to  meet  me,  and  especially  among 
them  Alexander,  the  goldsmith,  a  rich,  stately 
man,  and  we  had  a  splendid  dinner,  and  they  did 
me  great  honour.  I  have  done  in  charcoal  the 
portrait  of  Master  Marx,  the  goldsmith,  who  lives 
at  Bruges.  I  bought  a  broad  cap  for  ^6  stivers.  I 
paid  Paul  Geiger  i  florin  to  take  my  little  chest 
to  Nuremberg,  and  4  stivers  for  the  letter.  I  have 
taken  the  portrait  of  Ambrosius  Hochstatter  in 
charcoal,  and  I  dined  with  him;  I  have  dined  at 
82 


lands 


least  six  times  with  Tomasin.  I  bought  some  Journey 
wooden  dishes  and  platters  for  3  stivers.  1  have  in  the 
given  the  apothecary  12  stivers,  I  have  given  Nether- 
two  books  of  the  "Life  of  Our  Lady,"  one  to 
the  foreign  surgeon,  the  other  to  Marx's  house 
servant;  I  also  paid  the  docftor  8  stivers,  and  gave 
4  stivers  for  cleaning  an  old  cap.  Lost  4  stivers  at 
play;  have  given  2  florins  for  a  new  cap.  I  have 
changed  the  old  cap  because  it  was  clumsy,  and 
have  given  6  stivers  more  for  another.  Painted 
a  portrait  of  the  duke  in  oils;  have  made  a  very 
fine  and  careful  portrait  in  oils  of  the  treasurer, 
Lorenz  Sterk;  it  was  worth  23  florins.  I  presented 
it  to  him,  and  in  return  he  gave  me  20  florins,  and 
to  Susanna  i  florin  for  a  tip.  Likewise  I  painted 
the  portrait  of  Jobst,  my  host,  very  well  and  care- 
fully in  oils;  he  has  now  given  me  [the  portrait 
I  did  of  him  before?]  and  I  have  done  his  wife 
again  and  painted  her  portrait  in  oils. 

On  the  Friday  before  Whitsuntide,  152 1,  tidings 
came  to  me  at  Antwerp  that  Martin  Luther  had 
been  so  treacherously  taken  prisoner,  for  he 
trusted  the  Emperor  Charles's  herald,  who  had 
been  granted  to  him  with  the  Imperial  safe  con- 
duct, but  as  soon  as  the  herald  had  brought  him 
near  Eisenach,  to  an  unfriendly  place,  he  said  that 
he  would  not  need  him  anymore  and  rode  away. 
Immediately  there  appeared  ten  knights,  who 
treacherously  carried  off  the  pious  man,  who  had 
been  betrayed ;  a  man  enlightened  by  the  Holy 

83 


Journey  Ghost,  a  follower  of  Christ  and  of  the  true  Chris- 
in  the  tian  faith,  and  whether  he  lives  yet  or  whether 
Nether-  they  have  put  him  to  death,  I  know  not.  If  he 
lands  Yia.s  suffered,  it  is  for  the  sake  of  Christian  truth 
and  because  he  has  fought  with  the  un-Christlike 
papacy,  which  strives  with  its  heavy  load  of  hu- 
man laws  against  the  redemption  of  Christ;  and  if 
so,  it  is  that  we  maybe  again  robbed  and  stripped 
of  the  fruit  of  our  blood  and  sweat,  that  the  same 
may  be  shamelessly  and  scandalously  squan- 
dered by  lazy  folk  while  poor  and  sick  men  must 
therefore  die  of  hunger.  And  this  is  above  all 
most  grievous  to  me,  that  God  perhaps  will  let 
us  remain  yet  under  their  false,  blind  dodlrine, 
invented  and  set  forth  by  the  men  whom  they 
call  "Fathers,"  through  whom  the  Word  of  God 
is  in  many  places  falsely  expounded  or  not  taught 
at  all.  O  God  of  Heaven,  have  pity  on  us,  O  Lord 
Jesus  Christ,  pray  for  Thy  people.  Deliver  us  in 
due  time,  uphold  in  us  the  right  and  true  Chris- 
tian Faith.  Gather  together  Thy  far  scattered 
sheep  by  Thy  voice,  in  the  Scripture  called  Thy 
godly  Word.  Help  us  that  we  may  know  this  Thy 
voice  and  may  follow  no  other  deceiving  call  of 
human  error,  that  we  may  not.  Lord  Jesus  Christ, 
fall  away  from  Thee.  Call  together  again  the 
sheep  of  Thy  pasture,  who  are  still  in  part  found 
in  the  Roman  Church,  and  with  them,  too,  the 
Indians,  Muscovites,  Russians,  and  Greeks,  who 
have  been  thus  cut  off  by  the  oppression  and 
84 


pride  of  the  pope  and  by  false  appearance  of  ho-  Journey 
liness.  O  God,  redeem  thy  poor  folk  constrained  in  the 
by  heavy  ban  and  edicft  which  it  no  wise  will-  Nether- 
ingly  obeys,  whereby  it  is  bound  continually  to  l^nds 
sin  against  its  conscience  if  it  disobeys  them.  O 
God,  never  hast  Thou  so  heavily  burdened  a  peo- 
ple under  human  laws  as  us  poor  ones  beneath 
the  Roman  chair,  who  daily  long  to  be  free  Chris- 
tians ransomed  by  Thy  blood.  O  Highest  Heav- 
enly Father,  pour  into  our  hearts  through  Thy 
Son  Jesus  Christ  such  a  light,  that  we  may  know 
thereby  which  messenger  we  are  to  obey,  so 
that  with  good  conscience  we  may  lay  aside  the 
burdens  of  others,  and  may  serve  Thee,  Eternal 
Heavenly  Father,  with  free  and  joyful  heart.  And 
if  we  lose  this  man,  who  has  written  more  clearly 
than  anyone  in  a  hundred  and  forty  years,  and  to 
whom  Thou  hast  given  such  an  evangelic  spirit, 
we  pray  Thee,  O  Heavenly  Father,  that  Thou 
give  again  Thy  spirit  to  another,  that  he  may 
gather  together  anew  from  all  parts  the  holy 
Christian  Church,  that  we  may  all  live  again  in 
a  pure  and  Christian  manner,  so  that  from  our 
good  works  all  unbelievers,with  Turks,  heathens, 
and  Calicuts,  may  turn  themselves  to  us  and 
embrace  the  Christian  faith.  But,  Lord,  Thou 
wiliest,  ere  Thou  judgest,  that  as  Thy  Son  Jesus 
Christ  was  constrained  to  die  by  the  hands  of  the 
priests  and  rise  from  the  dead  and  after  to  ascend 
to  heaven,  that  so  too,  in  like  manner,  it  should 

8j 


Journey  be  with  Thy  follower,  Martin  Luther,  whose  life 
in  the     the  pope  compasses,  with  money,  treacherously 
Nether-  towards  God,  him.  Thou  wilt  quicken  again.  And 
lands       ^5  Thou,  Lord,  ordainedst  that  Jerusalem  should 
be  destroyed,  so  wilt  Thou  also  destroy  this  self- 
assumed  authority  of  the  Roman  chair.  O  Lord, 
give  us  thereafter  the  new  beautified  Jerusa- 
lem, which  descends  from  heaven,  whereof  the 
Apocalypse  writes,  the  holy  pure  gospel  which 
is  not  darkened  by  human  docftrine. 

Whoever  reads  Martin  Luther's  books  may  see 
how  clear  and  transparent  his  docftrine  is,  for  he 
teaches  the  Holy  Gospel.  Wherefore  his  writings 
are  to  be  held  in  the  greatest  honour,  and  not  to 
be  burned ;  unless,  indeed,  his  opponents,  who  al- 
ways fight  against  the  truth,  were  also  cast  into 
the  fire  with  all  their  opinions,  they  who  would 
make  gods  out  of  men,  but  then  only  if  there 
were  printed  new  Lutheran  books.  "O  God,  if 
Luther  be  dead,  who  will  henceforth  expound 
the  Holy  Gospel  so  clearly  to  us!  Ah,  God,  what 
might  he  not  have  written  for  us  in  the  next  ten  or 
twenty  years!"  "Oh,  all  ye  pious  Christian  men, 
help  me  to  lament  this  God-inspired  man  and 
pray  to  Him  that  He  will  send  us  another  enlight- 
ened man.  Oh,  Erasmus  of  Rotterdam,  where  wilt 
thou  stay?  Dost  thou  see  how  the  unjust  tyranny 
of  worldly  power  and  the  might  of  darkness  pre- 
vail? Hear,  thou  knight  of  Christ,  ride  on  beside 
the  Lord  Jesus;  guard  the  truth,  win  the  martyr's 
86 


crown!  Thou  art  already  only  a  little  old  man,  Journey 
and  I  have  heard  thee  say  that  thou  givest  thy-  in  the 
self  but  two  years  more  in  which  thou  mayest  Nether- 
avail  to  accomplish  something.  Lay  out  the  same  '^nds 
now  well  for  the  gospel  and  the  true  Christian 
Faith  and  make  thyself  heard,  so  shall  the  gates 
of  hell,  the  Roman  Chair,  as  Christ  says,  in  no 
wise  prevail  against  thee;  and  if  here,  like  thy 
Master  Christ,  thou  wert  to  suffer  shame  at  the 
hands  of  the  liars  of  this  time  and  therefore  wert 
to  die  a  little  sooner,  the  sooner  wouldst  thou 
come  from  death  into  life  and  be  glorified  through 
Christ.  For  if  thou  drinkest  out  of  the  cup  whereof 
He  drank,  with  Him  thou  shalt  reign,  and  judge 
with  justice  those  who  have  dealt  unrighteously. 
Oh,  Erasmus,  hold  to  this,  that  God  may  be  thy 
praise,  even  as  it  is  written  of  David,  for  verily 
thou  mayest  overthrow  Goliath.  For  God  stands 
by  the  Holy  Christian  Church,  as  He  only  up- 
holds the  Romish  Church  according  to  His  Godly 
will  [text  here  corrupt]. May  He  help  us  to  ever- 
lasting happiness,  Who  is  God  the  Father,  the 
Son,  and  the  Holy  Ghost,  one  God,  Amen.  Oh,  ye 
Christian  men,  pray  God  for  help,  for  His  judge- 
ment draws  near  and  His  justice  shall  appear. 
Then  shall  we  behold  the  innocent  blood  which 
the  pope,  priests,  bishops,  and  monks  have  shed, 
judged  and  condemned.  Apocalypse:  "These 
are  the  slain  who  lie  beneath  the  altar  of  God 
and  cry  for  vengeance,  to  whom  the  voice  of 

87 


Journey  God  answers,  Await  the  full  number  of  the  inno- 

in  the      cent  slain,  then  will  I  judge." 

Nether-     Again  changed  i  florin  for  expenses,  and  gave 

lands  ^j^g  docftor  8  stivers;  dined  twice  with  Rodrigo; 
dined  with  the  rich  canon ;  changed  i  florin  for  ex- 
penses. I  had  Master  Conrad,  the  sculptor  of  Mech- 
lin, as  a  guest  on  Whitsunday;  paid  i8  stivers  for 
Italian  prints:  again  6  stivers  to  the  dodlor.  For 
Master  Joachim  I  have  drawn  four  "  St.  Christo- 
phers" on  grey  paper,  heightened  with  white. 
On  the  last  day  of  Whitsuntide  I  was  at  Antwerp 
at  the  great  yearly  horse-fair;  there  I  saw  a  great 
number  of  beautiful  stallions  ridden,  and  two 
stallions  in  particular  were  sold  for  700  florins.  I 
have  taken  i  florin,  3  ort,  for  prints  and  used  the 
money  for  expenses;  4  stivers  to  the  docftor,  3 
stivers  for  two  little  books.  I  have  dined  thrice 
with  Tomasin.  I  have  designed  three  dagger 
grips  for  him,  and  he  gave  me  a  small  alabaster 
bowl.  I  have  taken  the  portrait  in  charcoal  of  an 
English  nobleman,  who  gave  me  i  florin  which  I 
changed  for  expenses.  Master  Gerhardt,  the  min- 
iature painter,  has  a  daughter  about  eighteen 
years  old,  called  Susanna,  who  has  illuminated 
a  little  page  with  a  Saviour,  for  which  I  gave  her 
I  florin.  It  is  very  wonderful  that  a  woman's 
picfture  should  be  so  good.  Have  lost  6  stivers 
at  play.  I  saw  the  great  procession  at  Antwerp 
on  Holy  Trinity  Day.  Master  Conrad  has  given 
me  a  beautiful  pair  of  knives,  and  so  I  gave  his 
88 


little  old  man  a  "  Life  of  Our  Lady"  in  return.  I  Journey 
have  taken  the  portrait  in  charcoal  of  Johann,  in  the 
the  Brussels  goldsmith,  likewise  his  wife's.  I  have  Nether- 
received  2  florins  for  prints,  also  Master  Johann,  '^nds 
the  Brussels  goldsmith,  paid  me  3  Philip's  flor- 
ins for  what  I  did  for  him,  namely,  the  drawing 
for  the  seal  and  the  two  portraits.  I  have  given 
the  "Veronica"  which  I  painted  in  oils,  and  the 
"Adam  and  Eve"  that  Franz  did  to  Johann,  the 
goldsmith,  in  return  for  a  jacinth  and  an  agate 
with  a  Lucrecia  engraved  in  it.  Each  of  us  valued 
his  portion  at  14  florins.  Further,  I  gave  him  a 
whole  set  of  engravings  for  a  ring  and  six  stones; 
each  valued  his  portion  at  7  florins.  Gave  14  stivers 
for  two  pairs  of  gloves ;  gave  2  stivers  for  two 
small  boxes;  changed  2  Philip's  florins  for  ex- 
penses. I  drew  three  "Bearing  of  the  Cross"  and 
two  "Mount  of  Olives"  on  five  half-sheets.  I  have 
taken  three  portraits  in  black  and  white  on  grey 
paper,  also  I  drew  in  black  and  white  on  grey 
paper,  two  Netherlandish  costumes.  For  the  Eng- 
lishman I  have  painted  his  arms  in  colours,  for 
which  he  gave  me  i  florin.  Besides  this,  one  way 
and  another,  I  have  done  many  drawings  and 
other  things  to  serve  people,  and  for  the  greater 
part  of  my  work  I  have  received  nothing.  An- 
dreas of  Cracow  paid  me  i  Philip's  florin  for  a 
shield  and  a  child's  head.  Changed  i  florin  for  ex- 
penses. Have  given  2  stivers  for  sweeping  brushes. 
At  Antwerp  I  saw  the  great  procession  on  Cor- 

89 


Journey  pus  Christi  Day,  which  was  very  splendid.  Gave 

in  the      4  stivers  for  a  tip  and  6  stivers  to  the  docftor; 

Nether-  changed  i  florin  for  expenses;  i  stiver  for  a  box. 

lands  Have  dined  five  times  with  Tomasin;  paid  10 
stivers  to  the  apothecary  and  to  his  wife  14  sti- 
vers for  the  clyster,  and  i^  stivers  to  him  for  the 
prescription.  Again  changed  2  Philip's  florins  for 
expenses;  6  stivers  again  to  the  docftor,  and  once 
more  10  stivers  for  a  clyster  to  the  apothecary's 
wife,  and  4  stivers  to  the  apothecary.  I  gave  the 
monk  who  confessed  my  wife  8  stivers.  I  have 
given  8  florins  for  a  whole  piece  of  arras,  and  again 
for  fourteen  ells  of  fine  arras,  8  florins ;  the  apothe- 
cary 32  stivers  for  medicines;  to  the  messenger  I 
have  given  3  stivers  and  the  tailor  4  stivers.  I  have 
dined  once  with  Hans  Fehler,  and  thrice  with 
Tomasin.  Gave  10  stivers  for  packing.  On  the 
Wednesday  after  Corpus  Christi  in  the  year  1^21, 
I  gave  over  my  great  bale  at  Antwerp  to  be  sent 
to  Nuremberg,  to  the  carrier,  by  name  Kunz  Metz 
of  Schlaudersdorf,  and  I  am  to  pay  him  for  car- 
rying it  to  Nuremberg  1%  florins  for  every  cwt., 
and  I  paid  him  i  gulden  on  account,  and  he  is 
to  hand  it  over  to  Herr  Hans  Imhof,  the  elder.  I 
have  done  the  portrait  of  young  Jacob  Reh- 
linger  at  Antwerp ;  have  dined  three  times  with 
Tomasin. 

On  the  eighth  day  after  Corpus  Christi  I  went 
with  my  wife  to  Mechlin  to  Lady  Margaret;  took 
^  florins  with  me  for  expenses ;  my  wife  changed 
90 


1  florin  for  expenses.  At  Mechlin  I  lodged  with  Journey 
Master  Heinrich,  the  painter,  at  the  sign  of  the  in  the 
Golden  Head.  The  painters  and  sculptors  made  Nether- 
me  their  guest  at  my  inn,  and  did  me  great  J^nds 
honour  in  their  gathering;  and  I  visited  the  Pop- 
penreuter's,  the  gun-maker's  house,  and  found 
wonderful  things  there.  And  I  have  been  to  Lady 
Margaret's,  and  I  let  her  see  my  Kaiser,  and  would 
have  presented  it  to  her,  but  she  disliked  it  so 
much  that  I  took  it  away  again.  And  on  Friday 
Lady  Margaret  showed  me  all  her  beautiful 
things,  and  among  them  I  saw  about  forty  small 
picftures  in  oils,  the  like  of  which  for  cleanness 
and  excellence  I  have  never  seen.  And  there  I 
saw  other  good  works  by  Jan  [Van  Eyck]  and 
Jacopo  [de'Barbari].  I  asked  my  lady  for  Jacopo's 
little  book,  but  she  said  she  had  promised  it  to 
her  painter;  then  I  saw  many  other  costly  things 
and  a  fine  library.  Master  Hans  Poppenreuter  in- 
vited me  as  his  guest.  I  have  had  Master  Conrad 
twice,  and  his  wife  once,  as  my  guests,  also  the 
chamberlain  Stephen  and  his  wife,  both  as  guests. 
17  stivers  and  2  stivers  for  fare.  I  have  taken  in 
charcoal  the  portrait  of  Stephen,  the  chamberlain, 
and  Master  Conrad,  the  carver,  and  on  Saturday 
I  came  back  from  Mechlin  to  Antwerp. 

My  trunk  started  on  the  Saturday  after  Corpus 
Christi  week.  Changed  i  florin  for  expenses,  gave 
the  messenger  3  stivers.  Dined  twice  with  the  Au- 
gustines;  dined  with  Alexander  Imhof;  paid  6  sti- 

91 


Journey  vers  at  the  apothecary's;  dined  again  with  the 
in  the  Augustines.  I  have  drawn  in  charcoal  Master  ]a- 
Nether-  cob,  and  had  a  little  panel  made  for  it,  which 
lands  cost  6  stivers,  and  gave  it  to  him.  I  have  done  the 
portrait  of  Bernhard  Stecher  and  his  wife,  and 
gave  him  a  whole  set  of  prints,  and  I  took  his 
wife's  portrait  again,  and  gave  6  stivers  for  mak- 
ing the  little  panel,  all  of  which  I  gave  him,  and 
he  in  return  gave  me  lo  florins.  Master  Lucas, 
who  engraves  in  copper,  invited  me  as  his  guest. 
He  is  a  little  man,  born  at  Leyden,  in  Holland, 
and  was  at  Antwerp.  I  have  eaten  with  Master 
Bernhard  Stecher.  Gave  \%  stivers  to  the  messen- 
ger; have  taken  i  florin,  i  ort,  for  prints.  I  have 
drawn  Master  Lucas  von  Leyden  in  silverpoint. 
I  have  lost  i  florin;  paid  the  docftor  6  stivers  and 
again  6  stivers.  I  gave  the  steward  of  the  Augus- 
tines' Convent  at  Antwerp  a  "  Life  of  Our  Lady," 
and  4  stivers  to  his  man.  I  have  given  Master 
Jacob  a  copper  "  Passion"  and  a  wood  "Passion," 
and  five  other  pieces,  and  4  stivers  to  his  man ; 
have  changed  4  florins  for  expenses;  gave  2 
Philip's  florins  for  fourteen  fish  skins ;  made  por- 
traits in  black  chalk  of  Art  Braun  and  his  wife.  I 
gave  the  goldsmith  who  valued  the  ring  for  me 
I  florin's  worth  of  prints ;  of  the  three  rings  which 
I  took  in  exchange  for  prints,  the  two  smaller 
are  valued  at  15  crowns,  but  the  sapphire  at  23 
crowns;  that  makes  ^4  florins,  8  stivers;  and  what, 
amongst  other  things,  the  above  Frenchman  took 
92 


was  thirty-six  large  books,  which  makes  9  flor- 
ins. Have  given  2  stivers  for  a  screw  knife. 

The  man  with  the  three  rings  has  overreached  Nether- 
me  by  a  half.  I  understood  nothing  in  the  matter,  '^nds 
I  gave  18  stivers  for  a  red  cap  for  my  godchild; 
lost  12  stivers  at  play;  drank  2  stivers,  bought 
three  fine  small  rubies  for  1 1  gold  florins,  1 2  stivers ; 
changed  i  florin  for  expenses.  Dined  again  with 
the  Augustines ;  dined  twice  with  Tomasin,  I  gave 
6  stivers  for  thirteen  porpoise-bristle  brushes,  and 
3  stivers  for  six  bristle  brushes.  I  have  made  a 
careful  portrait  in  black  chalk  on  a  royal  sheet 
of  the  great  Anthony  Hainault,  and  I  have  done 
careful  portraits  in  black  chalk  of  Braun  and  his 
wife  on  royal  sheets,  and  I  have  done  another  one 
of  him  in  silverpoint;  he  has  given  me  an  angel. 
Changed  i  florin  for  expenses,  paid  i  florin  for  a 
pair  of  shoes;  gave  6  stivers  for  an  inkstand.  I  gave 
12  stivers  for  a  case  for  packing;  21  stivers  for  one 
dozen  ladies'  gloves;  6  stivers  for  a  bag;  3  stivers 
for  three  bristle  brushes ;  changed  i  florin  for  ex- 
penses ;  gave  i  stiver  for  a  piece  of  fine  red  leather. 
Anthony  Hainault,  whose  portrait  I  did,  has  given 
me  3  Philip's  florins,  and  Bernhard  Stecher  has 
made  me  a  present  of  a  tortoise  shell;  I  have 
done  the  portrait  of  his  wife's  niece;  dined  once 
with  her  husband  and  he  gave  me  2  Philip's 
florins ;  gave  i  stiver  for  a  tip.  I  have  given  An- 
thony Hainault  two  books ;  received  13  stivers  for 
prints.  I  have  given  Master  Joachim  the  Hans 


Journey  Griin  woodcut.  I  have  changed  3  Philip's  florins  for 
in  the  expenses;  dined  twice  with  Bernhard  Stecher; 
Nether-  again  twice  with  Tomasin.  I  have  given  Jobst's 
lands  ^jfg  four  woodcuts ;  gave  Friedrich,  Jobst's  man, 
two  large  books ;  gave  glazier  Hennick's  son  two 
books.  Rodrigo  gave  me  one  of  the  parrots  which 
they  bring  from  Malacca,  and  I  gave  his  man  5 
stivers  for  a  tip.  Again  dined  twice  with  Toma- 
sin; have  given  2  stivers  for  a  little  cage,  3  stivers 
for  one  pair  of  socks,  and  4  stivers  for  eight  little 
boards.  I  gave  Peter  two  whole  sheet  engravings 
and  one  sheet  of  woodcut.  Again  dined  twice 
with  Tomasin;  changed  i  florin  for  expenses.  I 
gave  Master  Art,  the  glass  painter,  a  "  Life  of  Our 
Lady,"  and  I  gave  Master  Jean,  the  French  sculp- 
tor, a  whole  set  of  prints ;  he  gave  my  wife  six  little 
glasses  with  rose  water ;  they  are  very  finely  made. 
Bought  a  packing-case  for  7  stivers;  changed  i 
florin  for  expenses;  have  given  7  stivers  for  a  cut 
[leather]  bag.  Cornelius,  the  secretary,  has  given 
me  Luther's  "Babylonian  Captivity;"  in  return 
I  gave  him  my  three  big  books.  I  gave  Peter  Puz, 
the  monk,  one  florin's  worth  of  prints;  to  the  glass 
painter,  Hennick,  I  gave  two  large  books;  gave 
4  stivers  for  a  piece  of  glazed  calico;  changed  i 
Philip's  florin  for  expenses.  I  gave  8  florins' worth 
of  my  prints  for  a  whole  set  of  Lucas's  engrav- 
ings; again  changed  i  Philip's  florin  for  expenses. 
I  gave  8  stivers  for  a  bag  and  7  stivers  for  half 
a  dozen  Netherlandish  cards,  and  3  stivers  for  a 
94 


small  yellow  post-horn.  I  paid  24  stivers  for  meat,  Journey 
12  stivers  for  coarse  cloth,  and  again  j  stivers  for  in  the 
coarse  cloth.  Have  eaten  twice  with  Tomasin.  I  Nether- 
gave  I  stiver  to  Peter;  gave  7  stivers  for  a  pres-  l^^ds 
ent  and  3  stivers  for  sacking.  Rodrigo  has  pre- 
sented me  with  six  ells  of  coarse  black  cloth  for  a 
cape;  it  cost  a  crown  an  ell.  Changed  2  florins  for 
expenses;  gave  the  tailor's  man  2  stivers  for  a  tip. 
I  have  reckoned  up  with  Jobst  and  I  owe  him  31 
florins,  which  I  paid  him.  Therein  were  charged 
and  deducfted  two  portrait  heads  which  I  painted 
in  oils,  for  which  he  gave  me  five  pounds  of  borax, 
Netherlandish  weight. 

In  all  my  doings,  spendings,  sales,  and  other 
dealings  in  the  Netherlands,  in  all  my  affairs  with 
high  and  low,  I  have  suffered  loss,  and  Lady 
Margaret  in  particular  gave  me  nothing  for  what 
I  gave  her  and  did  for  her.  This  settlement  with 
Jobst  was  made  on  SS.  Peter  and  Paul's  Day.  I 
gave  Rodrigo's  man  7  stivers  for  a  tip.  I  have 
given  Master  Hennick  an  engraved  "  Passion ; "  he 
gave  me  some  burning  pastilles.  I  had  to  pay  the 
tailor  15  stivers  for  making  up  the  cape.  I  have 
engaged  a  carrier  to  take  me  from  Antwerp  to 
Cologne.  I  am  to  pay  him  13  light  florins,  each 
of  24  stivers,  and  am  to  pay  besides  the  expenses 
for  a  man  and  a  boy.  Jacob  Rehlinger  has  given 
me  I  ducat  for  his  charcoal  portrait.  Gerhard  has 
given  me  two  little  pots  with  capers  and  olives, 
for  which  I  gave  4  stivers  as  a  tip.  Gave  Rodrigo's 

95 


Journey  man  i  stiver.  I  have  given  my  portrait  of  the  Em- 
in  the  peror  in  exchange  for  a  white  English  cloth  which 
Nether-  Jacob,  Tomasin's  son-in-law,  gave  me.  Alexander 
lands  Imhof  has  lent  me  a  full  hundred  gold  florins, 
on  the  Eve  of  Our  Lady's  Crossing  the  Moun- 
tains, IJ2I.  For  this  I  have  given  him  my  sealed 
signature,  which  he  will  have  presented  to  me 
at  Nuremberg,  when  I  will  pay  him  back  with 
thanks.  Gave  6  stivers  for  a  pair  of  shoes ;  paid  the 
apothecary  ii  stivers,  paid  3  stivers  for  cord.  In 
Tomasin's  kitchen  I  gave  away  a  Philip's  florin 
in  leaving  gifts,  and  I  gave  his  maiden  daughter 
a  gold  florin  on  leaving.  I  have  dined  thrice  with 
him.  I  gave  Jobst's  wife  a  florin  and  i  florin  in  the 
kitchen  for  leaving  gifts,  also  I  gave  2  stivers  to 
the  packers.  Tomasin  has  given  me  a  small  jar 
full  of  the  best  theriac.  Changed  3  florins  for  ex- 
penses ;  gave  the  house  servant  10  stivers  on  leav- 
ing; gave  Peter  i  stiver;  gave  2  stivers  for  a  tip. 
I  gave  3  stivers  to  Master  Jacob's  man;  4  stivers 
for  sacking;  gave  Peter  i  stiver;  gave  the  mes- 
senger 3  stivers. 

On  Our  Lady's  Visitation,  when  I  was  just  leav- 
ing Antwerp,  the  King  of  Denmark  sent  for  me 
to  come  to  him  at  once,  to  do  his  portrait;  this 
I  did  in  charcoal,  and  I  did  the  portrait,  too,  of 
his  servant  Anthony,  and  I  had  to  dine  with  the 
King,  who  showed  himself  very  gracious  to  me. 
I  have  entrusted  my  bale  to  Leonhard  Tucher 
and  given  over  to  him  my  white  cloth.  The  car- 
96 


rier  with  whom  I  bargained,  did  not  take  me;  I  Journey 
fell  out  with  him.  Gerhard  has  given  me  some  in  the 
Italian  seeds.  I  gave  the  new  carrier  to  take  home  Nether- 
the  great  turtle  shell,  the  fish  shield,  the  long  I^nds 
pipe,  the  long  shield,  the  fish  fins,  and  the  two 
little  casks  of  lemons  and  capers,  on  Our  Lady's 
Visitation  Day,  ij2i. 

Next  day  we  set  out  for  Brussels  on  the  King 
of  Denmark's  business,  and  I  engaged  a  driver, 
to  whom  I  gave  2  florins.  I  presented  to  the  King 
of  Denmark  the  best  pieces  of  all  my  prints, 
they  are  worth  5  florins.  Changed  2  florins  for  ex- 
penses; paid  I  stiver  for  a  dish  and  basket.  I  saw, 
too,  how  the  people  of  Antwerp  wondered  very 
much  when  they  saw  the  King  of  Denmark,  that 
he  was  such  a  manly,  handsome  man,  and  that 
he  had  come  hither  with  only  two  companions 
through  his  enemies'  country.  I  saw,  too,  how  the 
Emperor  rode  forth  from  Brussels  to  meet  him 
and  received  him  honourably  and  with  great 
pomp.  Then  I  saw  the  noble  costly  banquet  that 
the  Emperor  and  Lady  Margaret  held  next  day. 
Paid  2  stivers  for  a  pair  of  gloves.  Herr  Anthony 
paid  me  12  Horn  florins,  of  which  I  gave  2  Horn 
florins  to  the  painter  for  the  little  panel  to  paint 
the  portrait  on,  and  2  Horn  florins  for  having  col- 
ours rubbed  for  me;  the  other  8  Horn  florins  I  took 
for  expenses.  On  the  Sunday  before  St.  Marga- 
ret's Day,  the  King  of  Denmark  gave  a  great  ban- 
quet to  the  Emperor,  Lady  Margaret,  and  the 

97 


Journey  Queen  of  Spain,  and  invited  me,  and  I  dined  there 
in  the  also.  Paid  12  stivers  for  the  King's  frame,  and  I 
Nether- painted  the  King  in  oils,  — he  has  given  me  30 
lands  florins.  I  gave  2  stivers  to  the  young  man  called 
Bartholomew,  who  rubbed  the  colours  for  me;  I 
bought  a  little  glass  jar  which  once  belonged  to 
the  King  for  2  stivers.  Paid  2  stivers  for  a  tip; gave 
2  stivers  for  the  engraved  goblets.  I  have  given 
Master  Jan's  boy  four  half-sheets,  and  to  the  mas- 
ter-painter's boy  an  "  Apocalypse  "  and  four  half- 
sheets.  Thomas  of  Bologna  has  given  me  one 
or  two  Italian  prints;  I  have  also  bought  one  for 
I  stiver.  Master  Jobst,  the  tailor,  invited  me  and  I 
supped  with  him.  I  have  paid  for  the  hire  of  a 
room  at  Brussels  for  eight  days,  3  2  stivers.  I  have 
given  an  engraved  "  Passion"  to  the  wife  of  Mas- 
ter Jan,  the  goldsmith,  with  whom  I  dined  three 
times.  I  gave  another  "  Life  of  Our  Lady  "  to  Bar- 
tholomew, the  painter's  apprentice;  I  have  dined 
with  Herr  Nicolas  Ziegler,  and  gave  i  stiver  to 
Master  Jan's  servant.  Because  of  being  unable 
to  get  a  carriage,  I  have  stayed  on  two  days  in 
Brussels;  paid  i  stiver  for  a  pair  of  socks. 

On  Friday  morning  early  I  started  from  Brus- 
sels, and  I  am  to  pay  the  driver  10  florins.  I  paid 
my  hostess  5  stivers  more  for  the  single  night. 
From  there  we  rode  through  two  villages  and 
came  to  Louvain;  breakfasted,  and  spent  13  sti- 
vers. Thence  we  journeyed  through  three  vil- 
lages and  came  to Thienen,  which  is  a  little  town. 


and  lay  the  night  there,  and  I  spent  9  stivers.  From  Journey 
there,  early  on  St.  Margaret's  Day,  we  travelled  in  the 
through  two  villages  and  came  to  a  town  which  Nether- 
is  called  St.  Truyen,  where  they  are  building  a  I^rids 
large,  well-designed  church  tower,  quite  new. 
From  thence  we  went  on  past  some  poor  houses 
and  came  to  a  little  town,  Tongeren;  there  we 
had  our  morning  meal,  and  spent  all  together,  6 
stivers.  From  thence  we  went  through  a  village 
and  some  poor  houses  and  came  to  Maestricht, 
where  I  lay  the  night,  and  spent  12  stivers,  and 
2  blanke  besides,  for  watch  money.  Thence  we 
journeyed  early  on  Sunday  to  Aachen,  where  we 
ate  and  spent  all  together  14  stivers.  Thence  we 
travelled  to  Altenburg,  taking  six  hours,  because 
the  driver  did  not  know  the  way  and  went  wrong ; 
there  we  stayed  for  the  night  and  spent  6  stivers. 
On  Monday  early  we  travelled  through  Julich, 
a  town,  and  came  to  Bergheim,  where  we  ate 
and  drank,  and  spent  3  stivers.  Thence  we  jour- 
neyed through  three  more  villages  and  came  to 
Cologne. 


Translated  by  Rudolph  Tombo,  Ph.D. 


99 


NOTES 


NOTES 

To  the  Introducflion 

Page  xi,  line  ii.  "power." 

"I  saw  also  that  Death  smote  her  two  great 

strokes  to  the  heart." 

Page  xvi,  line  29.  "representation." 
Nothing  in  Diirer's  engraved  work  can  compare 
for  unity  and  expressive  purposefulness  of  dispo- 
sition with  Schongauer's  engraving  of  the  Virgin 
and  Child. 

Page  xix,  line  16.  "design." 
It  is  only  fair  to  state  that  in  the  Genius  of  Time 
the  empty  and  inflated  drapery  over  the  chest 
in  the  original  is  greatly  improved  by  Diirer,  who 
gives  the  torso  more  plastic  relief,  but  even  here 
the  relation  of  the  body  to  the  legs  lacks  the 
continuity  of  the  Tarrocchi  engraving. 

Page  XXV,  line  11.  "art." 

Some  caution,  however,  is  necessary  here,  for  one 
of  the  drawings  that  upon  internal  evidences  of 
style  we  should  most  certainly  have  attributed 
to  the  period  of  Diirer's  stay  in  the  Netherlands 
is  now  known  to  represent  Paul  Hofhaimer,  the 
court  organist,  whom  he  met  at  Augsburg  inijiS. 
It  would  almost  seem  as  though  the  attraction 
of  Netherlandish  art  had  already  begun  to  work 
upon  him  before  the  journey  took  place. 

103 


Notes  To  Letter  I 

Page  3,  line  13.  "Those," 

Opinions  differ  as  to  whether  this  refers  to  the  Ger- 
mans, or  to  the  Italian  shopkeepers  on  the  Riva. 
Page  4,  line  3.  "debt." 

Pirkheimer  had  lent  Durer  money  for  the  Italian 
journey. 

Page  4,  line  8.  "Germans." 
This  is  the  "Madonna  of  the  Rose  Garlands," 
painted  for  the  chapel  of  S.  Bartolommeo,  the 
burial-place  of  the  German  colony.  About  the 
year  1600  it  was  bought  for  a  high  price  by  the 
Emperor  Rudolf  II,  who  is  said  to  have  had  it 
carried  by  four  men  allthe  way  to  Prague  to  avoid 
the  risk  of  damage  in  transport.  It  now  belongs 
to  the  Strahow  monastery  at  Prague.  It  has  suf- 
fered serious  damage,  but  still  remains  one  of  the 
most  important  of  all  Diirer's  works. 

Page  4,  line  10.  "five." 

How  far  out  he  was  in  his  calculations  will  be 

seen  from  subsequent  letters. 

Page  4,  line  20.  "art." 

That  is,  the  engravings  and  woodcuts  from  which 
Diirer  drew  a  steady  income  throughout  his  ar- 
tistic career. 

Page  4,  line  22.  "Pfmzing." 
Pfmzing  had  lent  Diirer  118  gulden  on  the  secur- 
ity of  his  father's  house. 
104 


To  Letter  II  Notes 

Page  5,  line  i6,  "wont." 

Diirer's  portrait  of  his  prematurely  aged  mother 

fully  confirms  this  observation. 

Page  6,  line  22.  "Bellini." 

The  characfter  of  Bellini  agrees  with  all  we  know 
of  him.  Camerarius  tells  an  amusing  story  of 
the  two  artists,  to  the  effecft  that  Bellini  once 
asked  Diirer  for  one  of  the  brushes  with  which  he 
painted  hairs.  Diirer  produced  several  quite  ordi- 
nary brushes  and  offered  them  to  Bellini.  Bellini 
replied  that  he  did  not  mean  those,  but  some 
brush  with  the  hairs  divided  which  would  enable 
him  to  draw  a  number  of  fine  parallel  lines  such 
as  Diirer  did,  Diirer  assured  him  that  he  used  no 
special  kind,  and  proceeded  to  draw  a  number 
of  long  wavy  lines  like  tresses  with  such  absolute 
regularity  and  parallelism  that  Bellini  declared 
that  nothing  but  seeing  it  done  would  have  con- 
vinced him  that  such  a  feat  of  skill  was  possible. 

Page  6,  last  line,  "thing." 

It  is  impossible  to  do  more  than  guess  at  the 
meaning  of  this  passage.  The  main  difference  in 
Venetian  art  between  1494,  when  Diirer  was  first 
in  Venice,  and  1^06  was  the  emergence  of  Gior- 
gione  and  the  new  styles  which  he,  Titian,  and 
Palma  were  creating.  But  if  Diirer  refers  here  to 
this,  he  would  hardly  have  said  that  Bellini  was 
the  best  painter  of  all,  since  Bellini  stood,  on  the 

10^ 


Notes  whole,  for  the  older  tradition.  Nor  indeed  would 
Diirer  be  likely  to  be  fascinated  by  a  style  so 
far  removed  from  his  own.  It  is  more  likely  that 
it  refers  to  the  same  subjecft  as  the  following 
sentence,  and  that  the  "thing"  is  some  work  by 
Jacopo  de'  Barbari  seen  by  Diirer  eleven  years 
before,  and  at  that  time  extravagantly  admired. 

Page  7,  line  20.  "ninth." 

Reckoning  from  sunset,  at  this  season  would  be 

about  2.30  a.m. 


To  Letter  III 

Page  8,  line  7.  "picftures." 

Probably  small  picftures  which  he  brought  with 

him  from  Nuremberg. 


To  Letter  IV 

Page  10,  line  7.  "marcelli." 

A  Venetian  coin  worth  10  soldi. 

Page  II,  line  11.  "again." 
That  is,  on  approval. 

Page  II,  line  21.  "Council." 
The  Town  Council  of  Nuremberg,  which  appar- 
ently watched  the  careers  of  Nuremberg  stu- 
dents studying  abroad. 
106 


To  Letter  V  Notes 

Page  12,  line  9.  "ring." 

This  was  the  ring  mentioned  in  Letter  III.  It  had 
not  been  ordered  by  Pirkheimer,  but  was  sent 
by  Diirer  on  the  chance  of  its  pleasing. 

Page  12,  line  16.  "rings." 

The  diamond  and  ruby  rings  of  Letter  III,  where 

they  are  provisionally  valued  at  10  ducats. 

Page  13,  line  11.  "School." 
The  "Scuola"  or  guild  of  the  painters. 
It  is  a  little  curious  that  Diirer  should  have  re- 
garded this  as  an  unfriendly  acfl,  since  it  was  an 
almost  universal  rule  at  this  period  that  foreign 
painters  must  be  enrolled  in  the  local  school  be- 
fore pracflising  in  a  town.  The  Nuremberg  guild 
may  have  been  less  stricft. 

Page  13,  line  i^.  "Whitsuntide." 
It  was  not  finished  till  September.  The   price 
paid  was  low  considering  the  size  and  complex- 
ity of  the  work.  Bellini  at  this  time  received  100 
ducats  for  a  large  picfture. 

Page  13,  line  19.  "away." 

To  Nuremberg.  Literally  "up  there." 

Page  13,  line  26.  "Wolgemut." 
Michael  Wolgemut,  Diirer's  master. 

Page  13,  line  27.  "brother." 
Hans  Diirer,  who  was  fifteen  at  this  date.  He  be- 

107 


Notes  came  a  painter  of  second-rate  ability,  and  after- 
wards helped  Albrecht  in  the  decoration  of  the 
Emperor  Maximilian's  prayer  book. 

Page  14,  line  13.  "sell." 
That  is,  Diirer's  engravings. 

To  Letter  VI 
Page  1^,  line  4.  "ring." 
See  Letter  IV. 
Page  i^,  line  12.  "here." 
Here  follows  drawing  in  the  original. 

Page  I  J,  line  22.  "Imhof." 

Hans  Imhof,  the  elder,  at  Nuremberg;  the  youn- 
ger Imhof  was  in  Venice. 

To  Letter  VII 
Page  16,  line  11.  "To." 

The  first  four  sentences  of  this  letter  were  writ- 
ten by  Diirer  in  Italian. 
Page  16,  line  17.  "bullies." 
"Tiraisbuli,"  meaning  doubtful. 
Page  16,  line  22.  "Schott's." 
Kunz  Schott,  an  enemy  of  the  town  of  Nurem- 
berg. 

Page  17,  line  13.  "Weisweber." 
A  Nuremberg  general. 
108 


Page  i8,  line  20,  "letter."  Notes 

This  letter  is  not  known. 

Page  19,  line  12.  "King." 

Maximilian  intended  to  go  to  Rome,  where  he 

was  to  be  crowned  Emperor. 


To  Letter  VIII 

Page  20,  line  3.  "Margrave." 
Friedrich  of  Brandenburg. 

Page  20,  line  22.  "Kamerer." 
Nuremberg  officer.  Pirkheimer  was  much  inter- 
ested in  military  matters. 

Page  21,  line  5.  "Club." 

Literally  "chamber,"  a  Trinkhalle  frequented  by 
Pirkheimer.  Apparently  the  habitues  of  the  place 
had  sent  a  chaffing  message  to  Diirer,  which  he 
returns  in  kind  by  one  pretending  he  had  sent 
olive-wood  to  fumigate  their  meeting-place. 

Page  21,  line  29.  "Doge." 

Lorenzo  Loredano,  whose  portrait  by  Giovanni 

Bellini  is  in  the  National  Gallery,  London. 

Page  21,  line  29.  "Patriarch." 
Either  the  Patriarch  of  Aquileja,  or  more  prob- 
ably the  Patriarch  of  Venice,  who  was  a  patron 
of  S.  Bartolommeo,  for  which  the  picflure  was 
destined. 

109 


Notes  Page  22,  line  2.  "night." 
i.oo  a.m. 

Page  22,  line  7.  "princes." 

Or,  "You  would  do  better  to  correspond  with 

princes." 


To  Letter  IX 
Page  22,  line  16.  "allegrezza." 
Joy.  In  Venetian  in  original. 

Page  22,  line  18.  "likewise." 
Meaning  doubtful. 

Page  22,  line  20.  "quadro." 

Painting.  In  Venetian  in  original.  Perhaps  the 

"Madonna"  of  the  Berlin  Gallery. 


To  Letter  X 

Page  24,  line  13.  "body." 
Pirkheimer  was  thirty-six. 

Page  24,  line  16.  "  vostra." 
Your.  In  Latin  in  original. 

Page  2^,  line  9.  "Luginsland." 
A  Nuremberg  prison. 

Page  2 J,  last  line.  "Pender's." 
A  German  inn-keeper, 
no 


Page  26,  line  23.  "Keppler."  Notes 

A  Nuremberg  bookbinder. 

Page  17,  line  4.  "lords." 
The  Town  Councillors. 

Page  17,  line  11.  "messenger." 
He  did  not  return  till  1^07. 

To  the  Diary 

Page  31,  line  13.  "Virgin,"  "Apocalypse." 
This  refers  to  the  series  of  wood-engravings. 

Page  31,  line  20.  "Hans." 

Hans  Wolf,  court  painter  at  Bamberg. 

Page  ^7,  line  23.*" stivers." 

A  Netherlandish  coin  worth  about  80  pfennigs. 

Page  38,  line  10.  "three." 

The  third  person  was  the  maid  Susanna. 

Page  ^(),  line  21.  "Quentin's." 
Quentin  Matsys,  the  painter. 

Page  39,  line  23.  "Staiber's." 

Lorenz  Staiber,  a  citizen  of  Nuremberg. 

Page  40,  line  3.  "Charles." 

Charles  V. 

Page  40,  line  22.  "Felix." 

Felix  Hungersberg.  The  drawing  dated  1520  is  in 

the  Albertina  at  Vienna. 

Ill 


Notes   Page  41,  line  3.  "Joachim." 

Joachim  Patinir,  the  landscape  painter. 

Page  41,  line  21.  "Erasmus." 

Erasmus  of  Rotterdam,  the  humanist. 

Page  41,  line  27.  "Imagines." 

The  woodcuts  known  as  imagines  coeli. 

Page  42,  line  13.  "Nicolas." 

Nicolas  Kratzer,  whose  portrait  by  Holbein  is  in 

the  Louvre. 

Page  42,  line  19.  "Philip's." 

A  Netherlandish  coin  worth  rather  less  than  a 

Rhenish  florin. 

Page  46,  line  20.  "Conrad." 
Conrad  Meyt,  a  Swiss  sculptor. 

Page  46,  last  line,  "lords." 

The  Nuremberg  Town  Councillors,  who  were 
bringing  the  insignia  for  the  coronation  of 
Charles  V. 

Page  47,  line  9.  "Rogier." 
Rogier  van  der  Weyden. 

Page  47,  line  13.  "Erasmus." 
Not  the  great  Erasmus,  but  a  clerk  in  the  ser- 
vice of  Bannisis.  The  supplication  has  reference 
to  Diirer's  claim  for  the  continuance  of  his  pen- 
sion of  100  gulden,  which  was  the  main  objecft 
of  his  journey. 

112 


Page  47,  line  22,  "gold."  Notes 

Mexico. 

Page  48,  line  13.  "Nassau's." 

Heinrich  VIII,  Statthalter  of  Holland. 

Page  48,  line  23.  "Luke's." 

Presumably  an    altar-piece  supposed  to  have 

been  painted  by  St.  Luke. 

Page  48,  line  15.  "Hugo." 

Hugo  van  der  Goes. 

Page  49,  line  3.  "  Bernhard." 

Bernhard  van  Orley,  court  painter  to  the  Grand 

Duchess  Margaret. 

Page  49,  line  19.  "Bernhard." 

Probably  a  study  for  the  portrait  in  the  Dresden 

Gallery. 

Page  49,  line  26.  "Eulenspiegels." 

The   popular   "Till  Eulenspiegel,"  which   was 

printed  at  Augsburg,  i^ij. 

Page  ^3,  line  16.  "Antwerp." 

Probably  the  programme  for  Charles  V's  entry. 

Page  J3,  line  29.  "magistrates." 
The  giant's  name  was  Brabo— the  book  is  still  at 
Antwerp. 

Page  ^4,  line  3.  "Bologna." 
Tommaso  Vincidor,  who  came  to  the  Nether- 
lands on  behalf  of  Leo  X  to  see  to  the  execution 
of  some  tapestries. 

113 


Notes  Page  54,  line  12.  "sister." 

A  mistake  of  Diirer's ;  she  was  Charles  V's  aunt. 

Page  J4,  line  27.  "Dialogue." 

Books  relating  to  Luther's  docftrines. 

Page  35,  line  8.  "work." 
That  is,  prints  after  Raphael. 

Page  55,  line  14.  "  crown." 
Netherlandish  coin  worth  6.^5  marks. 

Page  ^6,  line  3.  "noble." 

The  Rosennobel  =  8  marks,  20   pfennigs.  The 

Flemish  noble  =  9  marks,  90  pfennigs. 

Page  56,  line  10.  "  Rome." 

The  pillars  in  the  cathedral— they  came  from 

Theodoric's  palace  at  Ravenna. 

Page  56,  line  19.  "pf." 

This  was  to  make  the  silverpoint  drawing  of  the 

cathedral  now  in  the  British  Museum. 

Page  56,  line  22.  "Mirror." 
An  inn  of  that  name. 

Page  56,  line  27.  "sketch-book." 

These  sketches  are  among  the  Holford  drawings. 

Page  37,  line  11.  "portrait." 

This  drawing  is  on  the  back  of  the  sketch  of 

Aachen. 

Page  58,  line  26.  "pertele." 
The  word  in  the  original  is  indecipherable. 
114 


Page  59,  line  4.  "Cologne."  Notes 

The  well-known  altar-piece  by  Stephan  Loch- 
ner  in  the  cathedral  at  Cologne. 

Page  J9,  last  line.  "Confirmation." 

The  confirmation  by  Charles  V  of  the  pension 

given  by  Maximilian. 

Page  64,  line  8.  "Felix." 

This  portrait  of  Felix  Hungersberg  is  in  the  Al- 

bertina. 

Page  64,  line  24.  "headcloth." 

A  silverpoint  drawing  of  Agnes  Diirer  in  this 

headdress  is  in  the  Berlin  Print  Room. 

Page  68,  line  21.  "head." 

This  can  scarcely  have  been  a  pidlure;  probably 
a  drawing  on  a  thin  leaf  of  prepared  wood,  such 
as  was  used  for  sketch-books. 

Page  70,  line  23.  "Knots." 

Woodcuts  imitating  Leonardo  da  Vinci's  device 

of  a  Knot. 

Page  71,  line  4.  "Duke." 
Frederick  the  Wise. 

Page  71,  line  14.  "angel." 

An  English  coin,  equals  2  florins,  2  stivers,  Nether- 
landish. 

Page  72,  line  13.  "Bombelli's." 

Which  was  designed  by  Diirer  himself. 


iij 


Notes  Page  71,  line  26.  "Johann." 

Jean  Mane,  a  sculptor,  afterwards  employed  by 
Charles  V. 

Page  7 J,,  line  20.  "Peter." 
Peter  Agidius,  the  humanist. 

Page  7G,  line  16.  "Brussels." 

Bernhard  van  Orley,  whose  portrait  by  Diirer  is 

in  the  Dresden  Gallery. 

Page  7G,  line  23.  "wood." 

Guaiac  wood,  used  as  a  medicine. 

Page  77,  line  2.  "silverpoint." 
Now  in  the  UfFizi. 

Page  78,  line  17.  "Roger." 
Rogier  van  der  Weyden. 

Page  78,  line  17.  "Hugo." 
Hugo  van  der  Goes. 

Page  78,  line  18.  "alabaster." 

More  correcftly  marble.  The  statue  is  still  in  this 

church. 

Page  79,  line  13.  "Van  Eyck's." 

The  great  altar-piece  of  the  "  Adoration  of  the 

Lamb,"  by  Hubert  and  Jan  Van  Eyck,  in  St. 

Baron's. 

Page  81,  line  12,  "silverpoint." 
This  drawing  is  at  Vienna. 


116 


Page  83,  line  11.  "Duke."  Notes 

Probably  of  Frederick  the  Wise. 

Page  83,  line  11.  "treacherously." 
This  was  the  usual  idea  at  the  time.  He  was 
really  taken  by  the  order  of  Frederick  the  Wise 
in  order  to  protecft  him. 

Page  8^,  line  17.  "forty." 

A  reference  to  John  WyclifFe. 

Page  88,  line  9.  "Joachim." 

Doubtless  studies  for  Patinir  to  use  in  his  land- 
scapes. 

Page  88,  line  22.  "Gerhardt." 

Gerhardt  Horebouts,  who  came  afterwards  with 

his  daughter  into  the  service  of  Henry  VIII. 

Page  90,  line  29.  "Margaret." 
The  Regent  of  the  Netherlands. 

Page  91,  line  8.  "Kaiser." 

A  painted  portrait  of  the  Emperor  Maximilian. 

Page  92,  line  9.  "Lucas." 
Lucas  van  Leyden,  the  artist. 

Page  92,  line  i^.  "  silverpoint." 
In  the  Museum  at  Lille. 

Page  94,  line  27.  "Lucas's." 
Lucas  van  Leyden. 


117 


Notes  Page  96,  line  i.  "Emperor." 

The  portrait  of  Maximilian,  which  was  intended 
for  the  Lady  Margaret. 

Page  96,  line  17.  "theriac." 
An  antidote  for  poison. 
Page  98,  line  i.  "Spain." 
Probably  Eleanora  of  Portugal. 
Page  98,  line 3.  "oils." 
This  picflure  no  longer  exists. 

Page  99,  line  12.  "blanke." 
A  silver  coin  =  2  stivers. 


THIS  VOLUME 

WITH  TITLE-PAGE  BY  W.  A.  DWIGGINS 

WAS  PRINTED  BY  D.  B.  UPDIKE 

AT  THE  MERRYMOUNT  PRESS 

BOSTON,  MASSACHUSETTS 

IN  OCTOBER 

MDCCCC 

XIII 


GETTY  RESEARCH  INSTITUTE 


3  3125  00990  4315 


